[NIFL-4EFF:2544] Re: Assessment Questions

From: Brenda Bell (bsbell@utk.edu)
Date: Mon Sep 15 2003 - 15:05:58 EDT


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From: Brenda Bell <bsbell@utk.edu>
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Subject: [NIFL-4EFF:2544] Re: Assessment Questions
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Lisa --thank you for sharing your reflections and asking these 
questions.  I will answer them below.  Meanwhile, others on the 4EFF list 
need some background in order to understand the questions and the answers!

Lisa participated in the recent EFF Institute: Taking the Mystery Out of 
Content Standards, as part of a team from Tennessee composed of 
practitioners and state staff.  The Institute attracted over 100 people 
(most in teams of 2-4) from 25 states as far away as Hawaii and as 
close-to-home as Washington, DC, where the Institute was held.  (The 
Washington, DC state education office co-sponsored the Institute).  The 
Institute was designed to introduce standards-based instruction in Reading 
and Math.

Over the course of 3 days, participants were engaged in workshops on 
teaching and assessing with two of the EFF standards:  Use Math to Solve 
Problems and Communicate, and Read with Understanding.  A workshop strand 
for program administrators focused on standards-based assessments for 
accountability purposes.  In addition, two key note speakers provided 
perspectives on standards-based educational improvement.  Matt Gandal, 
vice-president of Achieve, Inc, (the non-profit, bi-partisan organization 
that helps states set educational standards), reviewed some of the lessons 
learned through K-12 standards development and implementation.  Eva Baker, 
director of CRESST (National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, 
and Student Testing), reviewed issues in developing assessments and 
aligning assessments with standards.

The Institute notebook included excerpts from EFF materials as well as a 
selection of articles from other sources on standards-based educational reform.

Now for Lisa's questions:

>I spent the week-end reviewing all the materials presented to us at the 
>EFF institute. I found some answers to the problems I am having with 
>planning for my lessons using EFF. I found in the article about the 
>assessment instruments that I may be going from end to beginning instead 
>of beginning to end.. (I don't have the materials with me, so I forget the 
>title) I realize after reading this article that the big mistake I am 
>making is to plan the activity then try to link the assessment to it. I 
>should be planning the assessment then linking the activity to it. Is this 
>correct?


Lisa, I'm guessing that you are referring to the article "The Instructional 
Demands of Standards-Based Reform" (American Federation of Teachers, 2001), 
which focuses on the differences between standards-based instructional 
planning and traditional planning. It describes the standards-based process 
of 'planning backwards', that is, starting with what students will need to 
produce/do in order to demonstrate achievement of a particular standard and 
then planning instruction that will assure that students are able to do 
what is required.  The steps in the EFF Teaching-Learning Cycle, based on 
this same concept, include designing a plan for capturing evidence and 
reporting learning (assessment) as a learning activity is designed.  These 
steps (3 and 4) are actually interactive and a teacher goes back and forth 
between the steps as she develops instructional plans.

So yes, in part, you are correct.  But the process is more integrated than 
you describe. Remember that we are starting with learner goals and 
designing instruction that improves students' abilities to use the 
standards to accomplish purposes in their lives. By thinking about how we 
will know what students have learned as we design a set of learning 
activities, we can make sure that we keep focused on the standards that are 
important to students.  The level descriptors for the EFF standards 
(available Read with Understanding, Use Math, and Convey Ideas in Writing) 
are the guide for helping you define the performance that students should 
be able to demonstrate.

>I also understand better the process of the assessment and the use of the 
>assessment. I read the Scenarios of State X. I see now that the assessment 
>is a process that has several components. For example, I need to have 3 
>different types of assessment in mind for my activities. Then, someone 
>else delivers an assessment never before seen by myself or the students. 
>These 4 assessments are combined to determine if the student can move on 
>the performance continuum. Is this correct? If so I am on a roll, if not 
>then I need advise or at least clarification.


Here Lisa is referring to an excerpt from the Working Draft of an EFF 
publication that is in process:  The Guide to Using the EFF Read with 
Understanding Assessments.  In the section on Scenarios of Use, we describe 
one possible scenario for implementation of Read with Understanding 
assessments for accountability purposes, that is, for reporting to the 
National Reporting System.  We use hypothetical State X to show what 
practitioners are doing at the classroom, program, and state agency levels.

We distributed draft excerpts from this new Guide to participants in the 
Institute sessions on assessment for accountability, in order to illustrate 
how the EFF assessments work.  The final publication will give clear and 
complete guidelines for administration of assessment tasks and for 
reporting results.  One of the guidelines is suggested in the Scenario of 
Use that Lisa refers to:  students complete and score proficient or above 
on a minimum of three RWU assessment tasks in order to move to the next 
Educational Functioning Level.  Additionally, because the RWU assessments 
are a prototype for further assessment development that includes only a 
relatively small number of model assessment tasks, we assume that a state 
or agency will use them to supplement currently available standardized 
assessments such as TABE, CASAS or BEST.

Lisa, I'm assuming that by "3 different types of assessment" you are 
referring to three separate RWU assessment tasks.  However, there is 
another 'set of 3' that is important in understanding how assessment works 
in standards-based instruction:  the 3 different times that we need 
assessment (rather than just different types of assessment).  We need 
assessment before instruction (to help us decide what to teach and at what 
level).  We need assessment during instruction (to monitor progress and 
guide further learning and instruction).  Finally, we need assessment after 
instruction (to show learning outcomes, results).  We use different forms 
of assessment for these different times, but all of these can and should be 
aligned with the standard in a standards-based instructional system.  For 
the third purpose (assessing learning results), we need a standardized 
approach to assessment (to meet National Reporting System guidelines).  To 
standardize an assessment means that it can be used reliably and validly 
(with comparable results) in many different settings.  This means that test 
items need to be secure (not available to students before the test) and the 
administration and scoring of the test items has to be done consistently 
(reliably) following standard procedures.  The teacher can give the test 
(following strict procedural directions).  Teachers can also score the 
test, but independent scoring of the test (by someone trained as a test 
rater) will also be needed.

The EFF Assessment Consortium is developing a set of  Frequently Asked 
Questions about the RWU Assessments.  We will share them with the 4EFF list 
when they are completed.

Brenda



Brenda Bell, Associate Director, Center for Literacy Studies
Co-Director, EFF Assessment  Consortium
Management Team, EFF Center for Training and Technical Assistance

office/voice mail 865-974-6654  fax 865-974-3857
bsbell@utk.edu



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