[NIFL-AALPD:333] from Tom Sticht - ALPD: Evidence-Based?

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Subject: [NIFL-AALPD:333] from Tom Sticht - ALPD:  Evidence-Based?
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Hello all - The following message is from Tom Sticht, and due to a tech 
glitch, it was intended to have been posted last week.  Apologies for the 
delay in getting this message through.  Please read on - Jackie


ALPD: Faith-Based or Evidence-Based?

My interest in finding "scientific, evidence-based" information for the
efficacy of adult literacy professional development was earlier stimulated
by an action research project that colleagues and I worked on from 1992 to
1998.

In a January 1998 final project report entitled Passports to Paradise: The
Struggle to Teach and to Learn on the Margins of Adult Education
(available from ERIC), colleagues and I reported information about
California’s 20 some year effort to implement competency-based adult
education (CBAE). A great deal of money and years of time was spent trying
to implement CBAE through professional development, preparation of "how
to" manuals, conferences, and development of the California Adult Student
Assessment System (CASAS-now called the Comprehensive Adult Student
Assessment System) to measure improvements in learning gains as CBAE was
implemented in more and more programs.

However, when our team examined twelve years of the pre and post test data
collected state wide from 1985 to 1996 by the CASAS there was no
noticeable improvement in gain scores for either ESL or ABE students. For
ESL, the gain stayed at from 4 to 5 CASAS scale points and for ABE gain
scores for all levels of ABE stayed constant when scores from the same
forms of the CASAS tests were used. In this case then, there was no reason
to infer that all the professional development had lead to increases in
student learning as indexed by the official assessment of learning
developed for the express purpose of measuring the gains in learning
resulting from increasing the numbers of programs implementing CBAE.

Similarly, there was no improvement in the percentage of adults in ABE or
ESL retained for 80 to 120 hours of instruction, which was the range of
hours required to participate in the CASAS pre and post testing,
suggesting that the CBAE approach was not particularly effective in
increasing retention. And, somewhat surprisingly, measures of the
percentage of adult students in ABE or ESL who reported that they met
their goals before leaving the program actually dropped from almost 15
percent in 1987 to 5 percent in 1996, a drop of two-thirds in those who
said they met their goals before leaving their programs.

This work in which almost two decades were dedicated to professional
development to implement CBAE seems to have produced no improvements using
the data expressly developed by the state to indicate the positive
improvements that were expected as CBAE implementation increased
throughout the state.

Today, millions of dollars and a great deal of time is devoted to adult
literacy professional development, and apparently there will be a
pre-COABE session presented by Cristine Smith and colleagues to show
teachers and others how to use "evidence-based" research to change their
practice in some manner. I have assumed that such change would be expected
to improve practice in some way that is demonstrable in some manner,
otherwise if there was no way to determine whether the new practice had in
fact improved something, why would one bother with it?

I don’t believe any of the philosophers Andres Muro mentioned have
presented methods to deal with this problem of determining whether
something has or has not occurred, nor did Catherine King present any
references to work of her own or to any other work demonstrating the
efficacy of any particular adult literacy professional development efforts
for improving practice, whether assessed using "dialogic" methods which
she seems to prefer, or any other methods. And parenthetically, I should
note that "scientific" research is expressly based on "dialogic" methods,
and that is why peer reviewed journals are important, scientists
"dialogue" in print so that others may track the "dialogue" and a public
record of the "dialogue" is kept for others to study and evaluate in their
own terms.

Given the history of the long term attempt to improve practice through
professional development in California, with at least some questions of
its success suggested by the "evidence-base" the CASAS presented for a
dozen years, and given the current emphasis upon "evidence-based" research
applied through professional development to the improvement of practice, I
am curious to know if anyone has references to "evidence-based"
professional development that has actually indicated in some manner that
some improvement in practice had occurred as a consequence of the
professional development. The closest thing to the CBAE movement of which
I am aware today is the EFF project, which has gone on for some seven
years with considerable federal support, which is why I have wondered if
any evidence for its efficacy over the status quo has been reported.

So far, responses to the AAPLD list suggest to me that there isn’t an
abundance of such information – if any. Possibly, adult literacy
professional development falls more within the present federal
government’s "faith-based" initiatives than its "evidence-based"
initiatives. : -)

Tom Sticht
Tsticht@aznet.net



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