[NIFL-AALPD:1168] from Tom, examining the effectiveness of PD

From: jataylor (jataylor@utk.edu)
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(post from Tom Sticht - see below...Jackie)

Jackie: I have only recently scanned the 2004 archives for the
professional development NIFL list. This response is to a message of 22
January 2004
Tom Sticht

Regarding the question of the effectiveness of professional development,
Jackie Taylor asked, " What data collection/analysis is going on in your
program, region, and/or state to examine the effectiveness of
professional development?"

Andres Muro responded that he does professional development for himself by
studying adult literacy, going to conferences, trying out ideas he learns
from these study activities, and in general developing more knowledge
about the field of adult literacy education. At the end of his message he
says, "Also, bringing Tom Stich (sic) into the picture, I've noticed that
he does a lot of traveling (sic) to do lectures. Why does he do this?
Simply to entertain people? For the $$$$? Or, does he think that people
will be better at their jobs if they listen to him? Does he have any hard
data to prove this? If not, why continue to do this? "

I think these are very good questions. And I must say that I have been
motivated in doing the lectures and workshops a little by knowing that
some people find the presentations entertaining as well as informative, I
do enjoy meeting and having a chance to informally discuss adult literacy
issues with a wide range of folks, perhaps over a nice lunch or dinner (!)
and also I used to make a little extra spending money, though for the last
few years I have done most presentations with no charge, just travel
expenses, and I do have some types of evidence indicating that people at
least sometimes do their jobs better if they listen to me. But this
evidence is of a different nature than most likely would be thought.

For instance, by doing a lot of research and then writing and
presentations to numerous groups some 20 years ago, I have read in U. S.
government reports that the National Workplace Literacy Program of 1988
was based on the knowledge I had developed and disseminated, and which was
expanded by other researchers and practitioners. This means that some
$18-$20 million a year for several years was made available for adult
literacy practitioners to be able to better serve adult learners in
workplaces better through the development of workplace literacy programs.
This way some adults received adult literacy and language education who
would likely not have received this education if I and others hadn’t
engaged in professional development activities to disseminate ideas about
workplace literacy that adult literacy providers could then use in
bringing needed services to workers on the job.

Also, after I disseminated a lot of information about the
intergenerational transfer of literacy from adults to their children in
writings, speeches, and workshops, many adult literacy practitioners
started making statements like, "The single most important predictor of
children’s literacy development is mother’s (or more recently parent’s)
education level." This comes from information I developed and
disseminated after reading the 1980 renorming of the Armed Services
Vocational Aptitude Battery. This has now become almost folk lore in the
field and most people who make the statement do not know where it came
from. Though many other influences have been involved, this type of
information helped stimulate interest in what has become known as family
literacy and even contributed somewhat to the start of the Even Start
program with hundreds of millions of dollars for adult literacy that might
otherwise not have emerged (I recall that in 1985 both Jonathan Kozol and
I testified before the U. S. Congress regarding these intergenerational
benefits of adult literacy education and that same year Kozol cited my
work in his book on Illiterate America). I believe this is a form of
evidence that this type of professional development can provide benefits
for the field.

I also give speeches and workshops talking about getting lots of return on
investment in adult literacy education, and I coined the slogan about
getting "double duty dollars" for investments in adult literacy
education. This slogan has shown up in advocacy papers and presentations
by adult educators in Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the USA
as part of campaigns for raising funds for adult literacy education.

For the most part, now-a-days, when I give speeches or do workshops I have
in mind the provision of information like that mentioned above which
programs can use in advocating for funds for adult literacy education.
Sometimes the people who sponsor my presentations are able to use the
event as an awareness making event and they have arranged for TV, radio,
and newspaper coverage to get out a message to the public about the
importance of adult literacy education. At times the presentations also
motivate practitioners to recommit themselves to their work, and I have
often been told by participants that the information I presented affected
how their teaching is done in some classrooms, though this is mostly
qualitative (anecdotal) not experimental evidence.

In general, I like Andres approach to professional development as
knowledge development. The more knowledge practitioners have about a broad
number of issues, approaches, methods, techniques, and technical knowledge
such as instructional systems development, tests and measurement, theories
of literacy and so on the better prepared they will be to meet the needs
of the adult learners with whom they work under a variety of circumstances
and in a variety of contexts: military, corrections, job corps, library,
evening school, etc.

Any genuinely knowledgeable research scientist would understand that the
so-called "gold standard" experimental design approach to educational
improvement is doomed from the outset. There are simply too many
independent and dependent variables to be studied, confirmed by
replication, disseminated , evaluated in follow-up studies, re-evaluated
in the light of new knowledge, etc. to make this a viable approach to
program improvement. Indeed, this was established empirically years ago in
Department of Defense research on instructional design for less literate
personnel. The more sensible approach that emerged was to establish goals
for programs and then work to maximize the achievement of those goals to
the extent possible at the program level within the contexts of what ever
present and future constraints and benefits might appear.

As of today, I am not aware of much research to demonstrate that
researchers and/or professional developers have actually gone to a
specific program somewhere, worked to understand its goals and
objectives, and then collected the data needed to convince others that
through the efforts of the researchers/developers the program was now more
effective in achieving its goals and objectives. Perhaps this will happen
sometime in the future as the evidence-based approach to adult literacy
education moves along and is eventually turned into something reasonable
like helping programs and adult learners strive to the best of their
abilities to achieve desired goals. Perhaps it is this type of approach
that is being pursued by the U. S. Department of Education as the striving
for "continuous improvement" within the National Reporting System. If so,
this type of continuous problem specifying- problem solving method strikes
me as a much more sensible strategy for achieving an evidence-based adult 
literacy education system than an approach featuring the so-called
"gold standard" approach of factorial, experimental designs in search of
some sort of fixed, static, "models" for others to replicate.

But now its time to hit the touring trail again. There are miles to go,
hundreds of friends to see and lots of good conversations to be had out
there in adult literacy land. And who knows, maybe some good will come of
all this. Its all a matter of being faith-based!

Tom Sticht



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