[NIFL-ASSESSMENT:515] positivism and empiricism

From: George E. Demetrion (socrates555@juno.com)
Date: Fri Apr 16 2004 - 19:14:26 EDT


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From: "George E. Demetrion" <socrates555@juno.com>
To: Multiple recipients of list <nifl-assessment@literacy.nifl.gov>
Subject: [NIFL-ASSESSMENT:515] positivism and empiricism
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Hi Karen,

Though I can't wade into this discussion right now, let me point out a
couple of texts that point to research traditions that are both empirical
 and postpositivist (That is, beyond the positivistic research
tradition).

D.C. Phillips and Nicholas C. Burbles (2000).  Postpostivism and
Education Research.  Roman & Littlefield.  This text draws alot on
research traditions stemming from John Dewey's Logic:  A Theory of
Inquiry and the various writing on science by Karl Popper.  While both
Popper and Dewey rejected the positivism of their day, their approach to
research would have to be described as rigorous and systematic

Raw Pawson and Nick Tilley (1997).  Realistic Evaluation.  Sage  Pawson
and Tlley draw on the school of critical realism to ground their
assumptions about research, especially Roy Bhaskar and Rom Harre.  Their
Chapter Two, "Out with the Old:  Weaknesses in Experimental Evaluation,"
is their sustained critique on positivism.  Their Chapter Three, "In with
the New: Introducing Scientific Realism," is their "beyond" positivistic
theoretical statement.  I don't think they actually use the term
"postpositivism," but their work is very much in the spirit of Philipps
and Burbles.

If one doesn't privilege experiential design as the gold standard, but
focuses on a rigorous scientific methodology in which data and hypothesis
formation as part of an ongoing work of constructing and progressively
working through a research problem, then empiricism doesn't need to be
inevitably equated with the positivistic or neopositivist research 
traditions.. Both Dewey and Popper as well as Philipps and Burbles and
Pawson and Tillich reject any assumption that one starts with observation
and the data and then build theory. Rather, all of these authors look at
problem identification as core, then the setting up of controlled inquiry
experiments in which hypothesis formation and data analysis at varying
levels and relationships ensue until the problem is progressively
resolved, at least for the time being.

I do have to run, but I wanted to comment on that small portion of your
message.


BTW, a google search for postpositivism will yield interesting results.

Regards,

George Demetrion

PS kudos to Maria Cora for her great work as moderator!


On Fri, 16 Apr 2004 16:48:31 -0400 (EDT) HthKar@aol.com writes:
>Colleagues

>
>Re positivism; this is another of those words with lots of meanings: I 
>never know quite what people mean by it.  Vienna school or just 
>anything involving mathematics????  Or the physical as opposed to the 
>'social' sciences?  A text about literacy that someone recommended to 
>me recently stated that its writers believed in being empirical but 
>not in being positivist.  At first sight this struck me as being 
>self-contradictory.   I suppose it is possible but it depends on your 
>definitions.  



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