[NIFL-ASSESSMENT:521] alternatives to standardized testing

From: Eileen Eckert (eileeneckert@hotmail.com)
Date: Mon Apr 19 2004 - 12:07:55 EDT


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From: "Eileen Eckert" <eileeneckert@hotmail.com>
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Subject: [NIFL-ASSESSMENT:521] alternatives to standardized testing
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We've been talking about assessment as it is increasingly directed toward 
standardized testing, or standardized conditions for performance assessment. 
To state the obvious, my opinion is that increasing use of standardized 
testing is not a good thing. One reason is that it is so often misused, and 
federal education policy <depends on> the misuse of standardized tests; for 
example, drawing conclusions about school-wide, or program-wide, 
effectiveness from a single instrument that is administered to everyone 
regardless of its appropriateness.

Another reason is that expertise in standardized testing continues to be 
almost exclusively the purview of testing companies and academic 
researchers, and not widely shared among teachers and program 
administrators, so misuse of standardized tests is not likely to be 
addressed.

David Rosen pointed out a better practice, that of conducting valid and 
reliable performance assessment. I agree with him that it is a better option 
than standardized testing, but I have two concerns about it. First, is valid 
and reliable performance assessment possible when you do not have a single 
set of clear learning outcomes that you are trying to assess, outcomes that 
the students themselves want to meet? The example David gave was in voc ed, 
where presumably everyone is there to learn the same things (maybe not 
exactly the same, but close). That is not the case in most adult basic 
education and ESL classes. People come with a variety of goals, and while 
you might categorize them so that there's some commonality, devising 
performance assessments that reflect how people will really use what they've 
learned is difficult.

The other problem is that to make performance assessment valid and reliable, 
you standardize the conditions, and that means doing assessment separate 
from instruction and learning. One result is that <if> you can get the 
funding to create and use valid and reliable performance assessments, that 
does not address at all the need for funding for direct instruction of 
students. In fact it would probably make it worse, since an increase in 
funding for one area, like assessment, is usually accompanied by either no 
increase or real cuts in other areas, like instruction or student services 
(if student services ever existed as such, and have not already been cut).

Higher education is also in the grips of assessment fever, but in higher ed 
it's "outcomes assessment." This trend has its problems too, but on the 
whole I think it's vastly better than the standardized testing trend. While 
K-12 and adult ed are subject to the valid and reliable criteria, higher ed 
doesn't seem to have very well-defined quality criteria, except maybe the 
multiple measures criteria. Still, some advantages of outcomes assessment 
are that it is focused and dependent on the expertise of teachers, it can be 
done in such a way that assessment and learning are greatly intertwined, and 
it <can> also use students' real work and real applications of what they've 
learned.

In a course that I developed, and continue to team-teach, there are 
established outcomes, each of which has an assessment rubric and a 
self-evaluation to be completed weekly. Students are asked to evaluate 
themselves at one of three levels, provide the evidence (which they put into 
a portfolio binder), and write the actions they will take over the next week 
to make progress toward achieving the outcomes. They meet individually with 
the instructor 2 or 3 times during the 12-week course to review their 
progress and the contents of their portfolio. We're now in the third session 
of this course, and each time we learn more about how to improve instruction 
from the assessments, and the evidence included in the portfolios improves.

It is not a perfect course or system, but it is such an improvement over 
standardized tests, and even over teacher-developed performance assessments. 
I was in Washington State from 1997-2001 and was first a member of the state 
ABE directors' group and then a member of the group working on the 
assessment system, so I saw how decisions were made and how educators worked 
to build a performance assessment system. I think the performance assessment 
system effort floundered on the need to construct valid and reliable 
assessments, and the near impossibility of doing so in a way that preserved 
the meaning, usefulness, and value of performance assessment, which came in 
great part from its responsiveness to individual needs. I think that in 
order to advocate for an assessment system that works, we need to know what 
works and what doesn't about the current system (and why), and be able to 
compare it with other possibilities and speak up--with students--for what 
they need.

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