[NIFL-ASSESSMENT:823] Re: guidance in developing job-related

From: Marie Cora (marie.cora@hotspurpartners.com)
Date: Wed Dec 15 2004 - 12:49:29 EST


Return-Path: <nifl-assessment@literacy.nifl.gov>
Received: from literacy (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by literacy.nifl.gov (8.10.2/8.10.2) with SMTP id iBFHnTU01350; Wed, 15 Dec 2004 12:49:29 -0500 (EST)
Date: Wed, 15 Dec 2004 12:49:29 -0500 (EST)
Message-Id: <000601c4e2cf$603af240$0502a8c0@frodo>
Errors-To: listowner@literacy.nifl.gov
Reply-To: nifl-assessment@literacy.nifl.gov
Originator: nifl-assessment@literacy.nifl.gov
Sender: nifl-assessment@literacy.nifl.gov
Precedence: bulk
From: "Marie Cora" <marie.cora@hotspurpartners.com>
To: Multiple recipients of list <nifl-assessment@literacy.nifl.gov>
Subject: [NIFL-ASSESSMENT:823] Re: guidance in developing job-related
X-Listprocessor-Version: 6.0c -- ListProcessor by Anastasios Kotsikonas
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.2627
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Type: text/plain;
Status: O
Content-Length: 10759
Lines: 317

Hi folks,

Great discussion!  Thanks!  I just wanted to let you know that I am
cross-posting some of the messages to the Technology & Literacy List
(http://www.nifl.gov/lincs/discussions/nifl-technology/technology_litera
cy.html).  I was thinking that people over there might have some
comments and suggestions about the more general questions around the ABE
student and technology (comfort levels, challenges, successes, what
works, etc.).  So we may get some replies from that group, I hope, that
would be great.

Thanks,
marie cora
Moderator, NIFL Assessment Discussion List, and 
Coordinator/Developer LINCS Assessment Special Collection at 
http://literacy.kent.edu/Midwest/assessment/


marie.cora@hotspurpartners.com

-----Original Message-----
From: nifl-assessment@nifl.gov [mailto:nifl-assessment@nifl.gov] On
Behalf Of April L. Zenisky
Sent: Wednesday, December 15, 2004 9:03 AM
To: Multiple recipients of list
Subject: [NIFL-ASSESSMENT:820] Re: guidance in developing job-related


Hi Kevin,
So great to hear from you -- about a year to the day of our scoring
meeting in Amherst!

Your questioning of the comparability of computer-based tests (CBTs) to
paper-and-pencil 
counterparts is well-founded.  I see a lot of research on this topic,
and often the results that are 
out there are very dependent on a confluence of domain content and
population.  Sometimes paper 
scores are 'better' (i.e., higher), and sometimes the computer scores
are and there's not much rhyme 
or reason to it, but one common thread seems to be that people _like_
computerization more.  Many 
teachers and ABE students that I have spoken with recently have
expressed valid concerns about 
fairness with computerized tests, but see how CBTs (and the practice
with computer skills that comes 
along with them) have benefits for students --- for example, I've been
told that many employers 
(Home Depot and others) now require most job applications to be
completed at computer workstations.

On the issue of score comparability and the TOEFL, often scores from a
'new' computerized test are 
not intended to be equivalent to the old paper-based test being
replaced.  I am less familiar with 
the specifics of the TOEFL testing program, but a similar example is the
American Institutes of 
Certified Public Accountants CPA Exam.  The old paper test was based on
test specifications from 
some number of years ago, and the new computerized version (released
April 2004) was created in 
response to a more recent job analysis that found that the information
entry-level accountants 
needed had changed over the years, and that computers were an integral
part of how accountants were 
doing their work.  Thus, the logical choice for the CPAs was a
computerized assessment with funky 
new formats (very performance-oriented with actual spreadsheets and tax
forms and the like embedded 
in the test).  I don't think that anyone at the AICPA, however, would
argue that the old paper and 
new computerized CPA Exam scores are equivalent -- they measure somewhat
different things by design.

I do know that the TOEFL folks did a lot of research into items types
and what kinds of skills 
should be required by those test-takers, and the computer-adaptive test
that they came out with is 
intended to reflect something a little different than the previous
version.

Thanks also for bringing up the need for test administrator support --
as procedures and practices 
change from one mode of testing to another, _standardization_ between
test administrations (a 
critical part of ensuring fairness for all test-takers) has to be
maintained.

Cheers!
--april



----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Kevin O'Connor" <koconnor@framingham.k12.ma.us>
To: "Multiple recipients of list" <nifl-assessment@literacy.nifl.gov>
Sent: Tuesday, December 14, 2004 6:19 PM
Subject: [NIFL-ASSESSMENT:819] Re: guidance in developing job-related


> Hi April-
>
> This is a great question.  So often we turn to computers to help us
solve our problems, taking for 
> granted that using a computer relies on skills that are far from
universal.  When the TOEFL 
> switched to a computer-adaptive test I felt like I was the only one
who noticed that they were 
> comparing apples and oranges- a lone voice crying in the wilderness.
> Suddenly students were required to write and essay on the computer
instead of on paper, and they 
> could no longer look back at questions once they had passed.  Working
in a second language is 
> enough of a barrier to higher ed- forcing people to wait for computer
literacy on TOP of that was 
> seen by many learners as yet another hurdle. I don't think we can
assume literacy.
> One thing I have realized in working with the BEST Plus is how much
Tech Support the TESTERS need- 
> starting up a computer, opening a file, loading a CD, using a touch
pad, even plugging it in. 
> These are teachers; they are people who have graduated college, people
with email accounts.  We 
> really need to be careful not to presume too much computer ability.
Just because it seems like 
> second nature to me, using a computer relies on a whole new set of
reading, writing and cognitive 
> skills compared to pencil and paper testing.
>
> Thanks for asking!
>
> Kevin O'Connor
> Assessment Specialist
> Framingham Adult ESL PLUS
> 508-626-4282
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: nifl-assessment@nifl.gov [mailto:nifl-assessment@nifl.gov]On
> Behalf Of April L. Zenisky
> Sent: Tuesday, December 14, 2004 2:04 PM
> To: Multiple recipients of list
> Subject: [NIFL-ASSESSMENT:815] Re: guidance in developing job-related
>
>
>
> Hi, all,
> To follow up with Marie's reposting, this was a question that was
especially interesting to me as 
> my
> own research interests as a test developer involve alternate item
types (not multiple-choice) that
> are computer based.  Specifically, I am interested in uses of
innovative or novel types that are
> highly engaging to the test-taker but still auto-scored.  In many
cases, there might be one 
> correct
> answer, but the questions might be written to allow for more than one
right (or wrong) answer.
>
> For example, the different item formats for use in computerized
testing allow you to incoporate
> different actions such as clicking, drag-and-drop, scrolling, and
typing.  The drag-and-drop 
> option
> is nice because people can rearrange onscreen items in different ways
given the frame of the
> question (for example, put things in some order (numerical,
alphabetical, chronological, etc.)) 
> and
> it lets them visualize the groupings they are creating.
>
> So, here in Massachusetts my colleagues at the Center for Educational
Assessment and I are working
> with the Massachusetts DoE and practitioners in the state to develop
new, computerized assessments
> that are directly based on the Massachusetts curriculum.  The MA
assessments will be different 
> from
> the computerized BEST Plus in that the student willl enter answers
directly into the computer, 
> which
> is different from the BEST Plus' approach (which works well for that
domain being tested -- a test
> administrator scores a student's spoken answers on a few dimensions
and enters those into the
> computer).
>
> One thing I'm interested in learning more about myself about is
people's experiences with adult
> learners and computerized testing.  Some work I'm involved in now is
finding out about adult
> learners' familiarity with computerized response actions (clicking,
drag-and-drop, scrolling, and
> typing).  Does anyone out there have any experience with or thoughts
about using computer 
> technology
> for testing with adults that they'd be interested in sharing with the
list?  More broadly, for
> practitioners, what do you find that your students can do with respect
to using a computer and 
> what
> skills do you see them needing assistance with?  What might you
consider to be the important
> navigational and other features of computerized
activities/assessments?
>
> I'm looking forward to hearing from you!
> --april
>
>
>
> ***********************************************
> April L. Zenisky, Ed.D.
> Director of Computer-Based Testing Initiatives
> Center for Educational Assessment
> University of Massachusetts Amherst
> Amherst, MA 01003
> 413.577.2180
> azenisky@educ.umass.edu
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Marie Cora" <marie.cora@hotspurpartners.com>
> To: "Multiple recipients of list" <nifl-assessment@literacy.nifl.gov>
> Sent: Tuesday, December 14, 2004 12:50 PM
> Subject: [NIFL-ASSESSMENT:814] guidance in developing job-related
assessments for critical 
> thinking
>
>
>> Hi everyone,
>>
>> I am re-posting Julie's question from October 14 because it is
relevant
>> to the discussion this week, and I don't think she ever received much
in
>> reply.  Julie - have you made progress on this project to date?
Perhaps
>> April, and others who wish to, can comment on some of your questions.
>> marie
>>
>>
>>
>> I am working with large organization to develop assessments for
managers
>> in
>> training.  They want the questions to focus on measuring whether or
not
>> a
>> management trainee can think critically and problem solve. The
questions
>> will focus
>> on IMPACT and INDICATIONS of daily company procedures.
>>
>> The types of questions need to assess if the trainee understands the
>> impact
>> of a particular procedure on the productivity, bottom-line, etc. for
the
>>
>> business.  We also want to assess whether or not the trainees can
>> identify the
>> indicators that something is, or is not, going (or set up) according
to
>> procedures.
>>
>> For example, does the trainee understand the IMPACT if department
>> materials
>> are unorganized and/or dirty?  That the mailbag has gone unopened?
Can
>> s/he
>> identify the INDICATORS that something is not running according to
>> procedure, is
>> out of place or that an employee is not performing their job
>> requirements?
>>
>> This assessment needs to written in standardized format (i.e.,
multiple
>> choice, true false, some fill in the blank and a few short answers).
>>
>> I've created many assessments for basic skills, so have an
understanding
>> of
>> assessment development. However, I can see that testing intangible
>> problem
>> solving skills, will require a different approach. (By the way, the
>> precise
>> training modules have not been developed.)
>>
>> I am working with the company to identify the proficiencies, but
would
>> very
>> much appreciate samples of how to phrase the questions so that they
will
>>
>> accurately measure the proficiencies in the above mentioned format.
>>
>> Does anyone have samples or guidelines I might use?
>>
>> Thanks for your input.
>>
>> Julie Baker
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
> 



This archive was generated by hypermail 2b30 : Thu Dec 23 2004 - 09:46:27 EST