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From: Paul Rogers <englishtoday2002@yahoo.com>
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Subject: [NIFL-ESL:8334] cognates
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COGNADOS
Los "Cognados" son las palabras que se escriben
o pronuncian iguales o parecidas en inglés y español.
Hay miles de estas palabras. Aquí hay 15 de las reglas
con ejemplos. Algunas palabras incorporan más que una
regla de los cognados.
1. IGUALES
Hay muchas palabras se escriben igual y significan lo
mismo en los dos idiomas:
español: inglés:
actor actor
hotel hotel
doctor doctor
2. La terminación ___________ción
se cambia a ________tion (shan)
terminación termination
descripción description
cooperación ???
atención ???
3. ________mente se cambia a
____________ly (li)
casualmente casually
usualmente usually
rápidamente ???
4. Cuando termina la palabra en "co" - se quita la "o"
Atlántico Atlantic
Pácifico Pacific
metálico metallic
5. Usualmente cuando termina la palabra en 'al" en
español -
es la misma palabra en inglés!
Ejemplos:
manual
total
capital
musical
normal
natural (nachural)
legal
universal
6. Cuando termina en "ente" - se quita la "e"
accidente accident
continente continent
cliente client
evidente ???
7. Cuando termina en "a", a veces se quita la "a"
artista artist
dentista dentist
lista ???
8. Cuando termina en "mento"- se quita la "o"
implemento implement
monumento ???
fragmento ???
9. Cuando termina con "ante"- se quita la e
abundante abundant
consonante ???
dominante ???
10. La terminación "ia" se cambia a la 'e" muda en
inglés
policía police (polis)
licencía license (laisans)
11. ___oso se cambia a _______ous (as)
famoso famous
delicioso delicious
glorioso ??????
12. _____rio se cambia a ___ry (ri)
adversario adversary
aniversario anniversary
13. ___idad se cambia a ___ty (ti)
actividad activity
ciudad ???
14. ___ar se cambia a ___ate (eit)
dictar dictate
dominar dominate
15. Cuando la palabra empieza con "es" quita la "e"
escuela school
estudiar study
estudiante student
Y ya - traduce las siguientes frases:
1. The student studies
English___________________________
2. The gorilla is in the
zoo_______________________________
3. My car is in the
garage_______________________________
4. The monument is in the
city__________________________
5. The fruit is
delicious_________________________________
6. The doctor operates in the
hospital____________________
7. The truck was in an
accident__________________________
8. The actor is very
famous_____________________________
9. The Atlantic is on the east
coast______________________
10. The Pacific is on the west
coast______________________
Verbs
abandonar abandon - The car was abandoned.
atacar attack - The dinosaur attacks the lion.
calcular calculate - I calculate the numbers.
causar cause - The dinosaur caused an accident.
combinar combine - Combine the orange juice with
Vodka.
comenzar commence - The band commences to play.
competir compete - The athletes commence to compete.
complicar complicate - I calculate the complicated
equation.
concentrar concentrate - If I concentrate, I can
calculate the equation.
concluir conclude - The actors conclude the scene with
applause.
consistir consist - Cement consists of mortar and
sand.
contaminar contaminate - The infection was
contaminated with ` bacteria.
continuar continue - Continue to study English.
contribuir contribute - The millionaire contributed
much money.
conversar converse - Converse in English today.
cooperar cooperate - Please cooperate in this class.
copiar copy - Copy the numbers and then calculate the
results.
cortar cut - He cut the tomatoes and the lemons for
the salsa.
curar cure - The doctor cured the complicated
disease.
decidir decide - Decide the color of the car.
declarar declare - The judge declared the robber
innocent.
decorar decorate - Decorate the museum..
dedicar dedicate - Dedicate the monument.
defender defend - Defend my honor.
deliberar deliberate - The judge deliberates on my
case today.
demandar demand - Demand the best.
denunciar denounce - Denounce the criminal.
depender depend - Depend on the president.
descender descend - The elevator descends very fast.
describir describe - Describe the criminal.
destruir destroy - Destroy the monster.
determinar determine - Determine the truth.
deteriorar deteriorate - The man's mental condition
deteriorates daily.
detestar detest - I detest the statues in the museum.
dictar dictate - Dictate to the secretary.
dividir divide - Divide the treasure between three
pirates.
divorciar divorce - I want to divorce you, she
declared.
duplicar duplicate - Duplicate marriage is bigamy.
educar educate - Educate for the future.
escapar escape - Escape to Paradise.
estimular stimulate - The president wants to stimulate
the economy.
evadir evade - The criminal evades the police.
evaporar evaporate - Steam evaporates into the air.
exagerar exaggerate - He exaggerates his adventures.
examinar examine -The doctor examines the patient
exclamar exclaim - "One million dollars for a
divorce!," exclaims the man.
exhibir exhibit - The museum exhibits the new
sculptures of the famous artist.
existir exist - Many animals exist on the planet
Earth.
experimentar experiment - Do not experiment with
drugs.
exportar export - The company exports aluminum to
China.
expresar express - I want to express an idea.
exterminar exterminate - Exterminate the insects in
your house today.
formar form - The three boys form a music band.
gobernar govern - The president governs the country.
imaginar imagine - Imagine that!
imitar imitate - He imitates a gorilla.
importar import - The company imports the aluminum
incluir include - Include me in!
indicar indicate - The mark indicates danger.
informar inform - The president informs his cabinet of
the danger.
inolucar inoculate - The doctor inoculates the
children against the flu.
insistir insist - I insist that you include me in!
inspirar inspire - The mountains inspire the poet.
insultar insult - Don't insult me!
interregar interrogate - The police interrogate the
criminal.
interrumpir interrupt - Don't interrupt!
inventar invent - The famous professor invents new
mechanical objects.
invitar invite - I invite you to my birthday party.
irrigar irrigate - The river irrigates the gardens.
limitar limit - Limit your criticism to good ideas.
lubricar lubricate - Oil lubricates a car.
manipular manipulate - The politician manipulates the
voters.
meditar meditate - Meditate for a moment to calm
yourself.
mentionar mention - Don't mention it.
molestar molest - Don't molest the garden.
murmurar murmur - The people murmur their
satisfaction.
navegar navigate - The pilot navigates through the
danger.
notar note - Please note the explanation on page
three.
obligar obligate - The contract obligates me for three
years.
observar observe - Observe how the pilot navigates.
obtener obtain - You can obtain a treasure of riches.
ocupar occupy - Five people occupy the office.
ocurrir occur - It occurs to me that this is
important.
ofender offend - Do not offend me, sir!
omitir omit - He omits to mention the truth!
operar operate - The chauffeur operates the vehicle.
oponer oppose - Many people oppose this idea.
pagar pay - Pay up!
participar participate - Participate in the election
and vote.
penetrar penetrate - The missile penetrates the
atmosphere.
perforar perforate - The machine perforates the paper
with little holes.
persecudir persecute - Persecute me, but I oppose
this idea!!
pintar paint - I paint my car with a paintbrush.
plantar plant - Plant the tomatoes in the garden.
precipitar precipitate - The information precipitates
a new vote.
predominar predominate - The Democrats predominate
over the Republicans here.
prefirir prefer - I prefer tomatoes in my salad.
preparar prepare - The artist prepares to paint the
picture.
presentar present - May I present my friend, Sam?
preservar preserve - Preserve the history of the
city.
proceder proceed - The doctor proceeds with the
operation.
proclamar proclaim - The president proclaims no new
taxes!
producir produce - The company produces cars.
progresar progress - Let us progress on to the future
prohibidir prohibit - The police prohibit entrance to
the crime scene.
pronunciar pronounce - How do you pronounce
"refrigerator"?
protestar protest - I protest against the injustice!
publicar publish - The author publishes the manuscript
under a different name.
recibir receive - You will receive a million dollars
today!
recitar recite - Recite the poem to the class.
recomendar recommend - I recommend the English course,
Ingles HOY!
reconstruir reconstruct - The police reconstruct the
scene of the crime.
recordar record - The musician records his popular
songs.
recuperar recuperate - The man recuperates from the
operation.
reducir reduce - Reduce your debts today!
refirir refer - I refer to lesson one.
reformar reform - The criminal reforms himself.
regenerar regenerate - Plants can regenerate.
reparar repair - The mechanic can not repair my car.
repetir repeat - Repeat that, please.
reproducir reproduce - Insects reproduce very fast.
resistir resist - Your immune system resists
influenza.
resolver resolve - I resolve to study English every
day.
robar rob - Do not rob yourself of this opportunity!
separar separate - Let's not separate!
servir serve - How may I serve you, Sir?
sonar sound - It sounds good.
subscribir subscribe - I subscribe to the San Diego
Bulletin.
subsitutir substitute - We will substitute vanilla
for chocolate.
sufrir suffer - The man suffers from a rare disease.
terminar terminate - Soon this lesson will terminate.
tolerar tolerate - I will not tolerate this!
traducir translate - Please translate the lesson.
usar use - I use Extra gasoline in my car.
ventilar ventilate - The machinist ventilates the
parts of
the car.
vibrar vibrate - The car vibrates when I go fast.
visitar visit - When can I visit you again?
votar vote - Vote in the next election!
INGLES HOY - BULLETIN
January 2002
NEW MOVIE - "THE MONSTER INVADES"
The famous actor on television prepares for his scene
with the horrible monster that invades the hospital:
The monster enters the hospital and the actor - a
doctor, the hero - escapes into the elevator.
The scene continues - the monster destroys the
electricity in the hospital.
So, the hero occupies the restaurant in the hospital
behind (detrás) the refrigerator.
The monster enters the kitchen (cocina) and sees (vee)
the doctor.
The doctor explodes a bomb in front of the monster.
The monster is cut and unconscious.
The doctor examines the ugly (feo) monster. The
monster is in critical condition.
The doctor tries (tratar) to save the monster with an
operation for the future of science.
The operation is complicated. The condition of the
monster deteriorates.
The doctor declares: "The operation is impossible, but
(pero) I will try. I detest this monster but I must
(debo) cure this terrible creature for the future of
science. This monster tried (trató) to exterminate the
human race (...), but I must try an experiment to
save (salvar) him (lo) - because he has a human right
(derecho humano) to exist also (tambíen)."
So the doctor inoculates the monster with an
experimental drug.
Another (un otro ) doctor protests: "This monster will
exterminate us (nos)."
"No," says the hero. "We must reconstruct the
monster's body (cuerpo) for the human race. Perhaps
(quisas) the monster can reform and benefit the
future."
And so the monster recuperates and becomes a good
citizen, joining the human race.
PERSONALS
WANTED
Men Seeking Women
SINGLE OR DIVORCED WOMAN, children OK, who is:
Musical, intelligent, with a sense of humor,
articulate, casual and formal,
who likes poetry, dance, opera and the theater.
Call 555-1212
Single, affectionate, professional woman, 35 - 65 - I
am a financially secure 86 year old man and interested
in a person who likes watching sports on television.
Call 555 - 3434
Women Seeking Men
Single Man -
Italian model, classic lady, original, and attractive
- I seek a man who is traditional and artistic
Call 555- 4953
WANTED-SINGLE MAN
Who is accessible, compatible, responsible,
presentable, noble, sociable, respectable, adorable,
honorable, imaginative, amorous, dynamic, academic,
dramatic, mysterious, glamorous, curious, generous,
industrious, monogamous, exceptional and econonomical.
Professional or manual laborer OK.
Call me today - 555-0894
ASTROLOGY PREDICTIONS
Aries March 21 - April 19)
Value an educational opportunity
Taurus (April 20 - May 20)
Future plans include mystery
Gemini (May 21 - June21)
Relationship soon with an admirer
Cancer (June22 - July22)
Liberty of expression is very important
Leo (July 23 - August 22)
Exciting ideas lead to adventure.
Virgo (August 23 - Sept 22)
Your individual interests have much value.
Libra (Sept. 23 - Oct 23)
Your special talents can double
.
Scorpio (Oct 24 - Nov 21)
A secret admirer is in your future.
Sagittarius (Nov. 22 - Dec. 21)
Exciting vacation soon.
Capricorn (Dec. 22 - Jan 19)
Care for your parents is important
Aquarius (Jan 20 - February 18)
Mutual respect leads to riches
Pisces (Feb 19 - March 20)
Difficult decisions today are easy tomorrow
CLASSIFIED
Construction Company - Foreman with experience in
concrete, block, carpentry and installation.
Good DMV record - Contact: Jim, 555-0968
Chauffeurs - Good drivers wanted with Class B license.
555-0044
Gardeners - Chief of Maintenance - residential and
commercial. Experience in drainage systems, and
landscape design.
Call: Tim, 555-3409
Social Services Administration - Bilingual preferred.
Previous experience in administration, good
communication skills, salary and benefits. Call -
1-800-9341 today.
Sales - Stupendous professional opportunity for the
correct person. Are you ambitious? Intelligent?
Independent? Call now, salary, commission,
benefits-800-0256
Chinese Restaurant - Are you an expert in Chinese
food? Cook wanted. 555-3311
Celia's Famous Cosmetics - House to house sales,
commission, and great opportunity.
__________________________________________________
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