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From: Paul Rogers <englishtoday2002@yahoo.com>
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Subject: [NIFL-ESL:8336] grammar 2
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VERBOS IRREGULARES
En el PRESENTE el unico verbo irregular es "TO BE".
Los verbos irregulares en ingl?s son irregular en el
tiempo PASADO. Como los regulares, hay una sola forma
para el pasado del verbo irregular.
Los siguientes son unos de los m?s comunes:
B?sica (pronunciaci?n): espa?ol: pasado:
1. come (cam) venir came (keim)
2. go (go) ir went (uent)
3. eat (it) comer ate (eit)
4. give (giev) dar gave (geiv)
5. know (no) saber knew (nu)
6. run (ran) correr ran (raen)
7. see (si) ver saw (sa)
8. take (teik) tomar took (tuk)
9. write (rait) escribir wrote (rot)
10. cost (cast) costar cost (cast)
11. shut (shat) cerrar shut (shat)
12. bring (bring) traer brought (brat)
13. get (get) obtener got (gat)
14. los (luzz) perder lost (lost)
15. say (sei) decir said (sed)
16. sit (siet) sentar sat (saet)
17. teach (tich) ensenar taught (tat)
18. speak (spik) hablar spoke (spok)
19. drink (drink) beber drank (draenk)
20. sing (sing) cantar sang (saeng)
21. put (put) poner put (put)
22. tell (tel) decir told (told)
23. draw (dra) dibujar drew (dru)
24. be (bi) ser, estar was/were (uas/uer)
Ejercicio 20 - Cambia los enunciados al tiempo del
pasado.
Ejemplo: presente - I go to the store.
pasado - I went to the store.
1. He comes in the house. Pasado = ?
2. I drink soda.
3. They sing a song.
4. She teaches English.
5. We say: Hello.
FORMANDO PREGUNTAS EN EL PASADO
Para formar una pregunta en el pasado agrega "DID" al
principio del enunciado y cambia el verbo a su forma
b?sica.
Ejemplo:
She went to the zoo. Did she go to the zoo?
Ella fue al z?ologico. ?ue ella al z?ologico?
Para contestar en el afirmativo con una frase
completa, empieza con "Yes".
Ejemplo: "Yes, she did go to the zoo."
O puede contestar en una frase corta.
Ejemplo: "Yes, she did."
Para contestar en el negativo con una frase completa,
empieza con "No".
Ejemplo: "No, she did not go to the zoo."
O puede decir "No, she did not" o "No, she didn't."
NEGATIVOS
Para formar un negativo en el pasado, agrega las
palabras "did not" (o su contracci?n "didn't") entre
el sujeto y el verbo y cambia el verbo a la forma
b?sica.
Ejemplo:
They talked all night. (Ellos hablaron toda la
noche.)
They did not talk all night. (Ellos no hablaron toda
la noche.)
EJERCICIO 21
Subraya el enunciado correcto de cada par.
Ejemplo:
She did talked to the boy? Did she talk to the boy?
1. Did I eat a hot dog? Did I ate a hot dog?
2. Yesterday he no went. Yesterday he did not go.
3. Did we spoke English? Did we speak English?
4. Did they go home? Does they went home?
5. They no liked lobster. They do not like lobster.
6. John did not come in. John no come in.
EJERCICIO 22
Contesta las siguientes preguntas en el pasado, "Yes"
o "no" seg?n la instrucci?n de cada una.
1. Did we eat the hot dogs? (yes)
2. Did I work yesterday? (no)
3. Did she go to the zoo? (yes)
4. Did they talk to the teacher? (no)
5. Did you eat the watermelon? (yes)
6. Did the carpenter sing a song? (no)
7. Did you do your homework today? (no)
8. Did the dog eat your homework? (yes)
9. Did the students study English today? (no)
10. Did the teacher come late? (yes)
FUTURO - FUTURE
Usamos la palabra "Will" (uiel) para formar el tiempo
del futuro en ingl?s.
Para formar un enunciado agrega ?will? entre el sujeto
y la forma b?sica del verbo.
FUTURE TENSE TIEMPO FUTURO
TO BE SER y ESTAR
I will be (uil bi) Yo ser?, estar?, etc.
you will be " tu ser?s, estar?s, etc.
he will be " el ser?, estar?, etc.
she will be " ella ser?, etc.
it will be " eso etc.
we will be " seremos, estaremos, etc.
you will be " ustedes etc.
they will be " ellos etc.
GO IR
I will go (ai uil gou) Yo ir?
you will go tu etc.
he will go el etc.
we will go nosotros etc.
you will go Ustedes etc.
they will go ellos etc.
PREGUNTAS
Para formar una pregunta EN EL FUTURO solo cambia la
posici?n del sujeto y "will".
Ejemplo:
He will dance. (El bailar?.)
Will he dance? (?ailar? el?)
Para contestar en el afirmativo:
"Yes, he will dance" o "Yes, he will."
Para contestar en el negativo:
"No, he will not dance" o "No, he won't dance" o "No,
he won't."
(Puede sustituir "will not" con su contracci?n "won't)
Para formar una frase negativo en el futuro, agrega la
palabra not entre "will" y el verbo.
Ejemplos:
He will not dance. (El no bailar?.)
I will not dance. (Yo no bailar?.)
EJERCICIO 23
Contesta en el afirmativo o el negativo:
1. Will you come tomorrow?
2. Will he go to Acapulco?
3. Will you study English today?
4. Will you give me a million dollars?
5. Will you eat lobster today?
GERUNDIO - GERUND
EL GERUNDIO es la forma del verbo que termina con
"ando" o "iendo" en espa?ol.
En ingl?s se forma el gerundio agregando la
terminaci?n "__ing" a la forma b?sica del verbo.
Ejemplos:
caminando WALKING
trabajando WORKING
comiendo EATING
construiendo BUILDING
NOTA: Para formar el gerundio de verbos ingl?s que
terminan con _e, quita el "e" antes de agregar la
terminaci?n "ing".
Ejemplos:
live - living (viviendo)
save - saving (ahorrando)
TIEMPO PROGRESIVO - PROGRESSIVE TENSE
EL TIEMPO PROGRESIVO es compuesto de los varios
tiempos del verbo "BE" m?s el GERUNDIO. Los tiempos
progresivos son usados para expresar una idea o acci?n
continuo.
PROGRESIVO PRESENTE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
yo estoy hablando I AM TALKING
tu est?s hablando YOU ARE TALKING
el est? hablando HE IS TALKING
nosotros estamos hablando WE ARE TALKING
Uds. est?n hablando YOU ARE TALKING
ellos est?n hablando THEY ARE TALKING
NOTA: IR, VENIR, SER y ESTAR no tienen formas
gerundios en espa?ol.
Entonces, para traducir los tiempos progresivos de
estos verbos del ingl?s al espa?ol, se usa el tiempo
sencillo que corresponde.
Ejemplos:
I AM GOING yo voy
YOU ARE COMING tu vienes
HE IS BEING el esta
SHE IS BEING ella es
Ejemplos:
1. I am going to the store.
Voy a la tienda.
2. She is coming home tomorrow.
Ella viene manana.
3. They were being mean to the boy.
Ellos estaban malos al ni?o.
PREGUNTAS
Para formar preguntas en el tiempo PRESENTE PROGRESIVO
se pone el sujeto (el pronombre o nombre) entre el
verbo auxiliar (be) y el gerundio.
Ejemplos:
He is playing = IS HE PLAYING?
?st? el jugando?
We are doing = ARE WE DOING?
?stamos nosotros haciendo?
NEGATIVOS
Para formar un negativo, agrega la palabra "not" entre
el verbo auxiliar y el gerundio.
Ejemplos:
I AM NOT WORKING. Yo no estoy trabajando.
YOU ARE NOT EATING. Tu no est?s comiendo.
EJERCICIO 24
Escriba las palabras correctas:
1. ___________ am working.
2. ___________ you working?
3. He ________ not _____________ today. (work)
4. _____ we going to the movies today? (to be)
5. They _________ ___________ lobster. (eat)
6. I ______ _______ _________. (read, negativo)
7. _______ you ____________ to my house? (come)
8. When _______ you _________ to Tijuana? (drive)
9. Why is _______ _____________? (ella, run)
10. Where _______ you ___________? (go)
11. The teacher said: "All my students ________
______ good today." (be)
NOTA: El tiempo PRESENT PROGRESSIVE del verbo "go"
est? usado para hablar del FUTURO.
Ejemplos:
I AM GOING TO LEAVE TOMORROW.
Yo voy a salir manana.
HE IS GOING TO ROME NEXT YEAR.
El va a Roma en el proximo a?o.
PASADO PROGRESIVO PAST PROGRESSIVE
yo estaba viviendo I WAS LIVING
tu estabas viviendo YOU WERE LIVING
el estba viviendo HE WAS LIVING
nosotros estabamos viviendo WE WERE LIVING
Uds. estaban viviendo YOU WERE LIVING
ellos estaban viviendo THEY WERE LIVING
PREGUNTAS:
WAS I LIVING? ?staba yo viviendo?
WERE YOU EATING? ?stabas tu comiendo?
ETC., ETC.
NEGATIVOS:
I WAS NOT LIVING. Yo no estaba viviendo.
YOU WERE NOT EATING. Tu no estabas comiendo.
EJERCICIO 25
Escribe las palabras correctas.
1. He ______ not ________________ yesterday.
(trabajar)
2. Were ______ _________________ to the beach? (tu,
caminar)
3. When ________ you ___________ to Tijuana? (ir)
4. I ______ _______ ____________ the television.
(negativo, mirar)
5. ________ you _____________ to say something?
(ir)
6. Marco was __________ bad yesterday. (estar)
7. I _______ ______________ down the street.
(walk)
8. ________ they ____________ English? (study)
9. We ______ ________ _________ beans. (eat,
negativo)
10. Why _____ they __________ English? (study)
PROGRESIVO FUTURO FUTURE PROGRESSIVE
Yo estar? comiendo I WILL BE EATING
tu estar?s comiendo YOU WILL BE EATING
el estar? comiendo HE WILL BE EATING
nosotros estaremos comiendo WE WILL BE EATING
Uds. estar?n comiendo YOU WILL BE EATING
ellos estar?n comiendo THEY WILL BE EATING
PREGUNTAS se forma asi: se pone el sujeto despues del
verbo auxiliar "WILL".
Ejemplos:
WILL THEY BE EATING?
?star?n ellos comiendo?
WILL YOU BE ARRIVING?
?star?s tu llegando?
NEGATIVOS:
THEY WILL NOT BE EATING.
Ellos no estar?n comiendo.
I WILL NOT BE ARRIVING.
Yo no estar? llegando.
EJERCICIO 26
Escribe las palabras correctas.
1. Will you _________ ________________ tomorrow?
(salir)
2. I ________ _______ be leaving tomorrow
(negativo), but I _________
_______ _____________ in two days. (salir)
3. _________ you ________ ____________ dinner?
(comer)
4. They ________ __________ ____________
tomorrow. (trabajar)
5. _______ you ________ __________ to clean my
house on Wednesday or on Thursday? (venir)
6. John _______ _______ ______ __________
tomorrow. (trabajar, negativo)
7. I _____ _____ _____ _____ the piano tomorrow
at the auditorium. (tocar, negativo)
8. _________ he ______ ___________ a car? (manejar)
9. No, he ______ _______ be __________ a car.
(manejar)
10. He ________ ______ ___________ by bus.
(arrive)
EJERCICIO 27
Traduce al espa?ol:
I was fishing on the beach one day, but I was not
catching any fish. An old man was walking on the
beach and he said: You will not be catching any fish
today because you are using the wrong bait on your
hook.
"What must I use?" I asked.
"I will tell you tomorrow," he replied as he was
walking away.
TRANSLATE el cuento anterior y ANSWER las siguientes
preguntas con enunciados completos.
Your translation:
(Su traducci?n)
CONTESTA:
1. What was the narrator doing on the beach?
The narrator was __________________.
2. Why will he not catch any fish?
3. What was the old man doing?
4. The fish ________ __________ biting.
5. Do you know how to fish?
PARTICIPIO PASADO - PAST PARTICIPLE
El participio pasado es la forma del verbo
que, en espa?ol, termina con
ado o ido.
Siempre est? usado con un verbo auxiliar.
En ingl?s se forma el participio pasado de los
verbos regulares iqual que el pasado de ingl?s
agregando ed o d al fin del verbo.
Ejemplo:
forma b?sica participio ingl?s participio espa?ol
walk walked caminado
jump jumped brincado
live lived vivido
play played jugado
study studied* estudiado
* los verbos que terminan con "consonante antes la y"
se cambian la y a i y agrega ed.
Por ejemplo: supply=supplied; try = tried;
A los verbos que terminan con "vocal antes la y"
simplemente agrega el ed sin alg?n otro cambio.
Por ejemplo, employ=employed.
Verbos irregulares terminan con diversas
terminaciones - vea la seccion VERBOS IRREGULARES para
una lista.
EJERCICIO 28
Escribe el pasado y participio de los verbos. Traduce
el participio a espa?ol.
Verbo: pasado participio pasado espa?ol
1. walk walked have/has walked caminar/caminado
2. talk
3. employ
4. work
5. cook
6. look
7. wash
8. clean
9. play
10. try
LOS TIEMPOS "ANTE___________" - PERFECT TENSES
antepresente, antepreterito, antefuturo-
En espa?ol, los ANTE_____ tiempos se forman con los
varios tiempos del verbo auxiliar HABER m?s EL
PARTICIPIO (verbo con terminaci?n ADO O IDO).
En ingl?s es asi: los varios tiempos del verbo TO HAVE
m?s el PAST PARTICIPLE.
ANTEPRESENTE PRESENT PERFECT
Yo he trabajado I have worked
Tu has trabajado you have worked
el/ella ha trabajado he/she has worked
Nos. hemos trabajado we have worked
Uds. han trabajado you have worked
Ellos/ellas han trabajado they have worked
PREGUNTAS: Se forma preguntas en el antepresente en
ingl?s asi:
Se pone el sujeto entre el verbo auxiliar (HAVE o HAS)
Y el participio.
ej: HAVE YOU FINISHED?
?as tu terminado?
HAS SHE TAUGHT?
?a ella ense?ado?
Negativos: se forma el negativo en el antepresente
agregando la palabra NOT entre el HAVE o HAS y el
participio.
Ej: I HAVE NOT EATEN YET = Yo no he comido todav?a.
EJERCICIO 29
The Job Interview
A: What kinds of work have you done?
B: Well, I have been a cook, a mechanic and a taxi
driver.
A: Do you think you have had enough experience to be a
widget washer?
B: Oh, yes. Most of my friends have said that I have
skills to be a widget washer. As a matter of fact, my
best friend has told me that I have enough
intelligence to be the best widget washer in the city.
A: I have heard enough. I have come to the conclusion
that you are qualified for the job, so you are hired!
SU TRADUCCION:
ANTEPRETERITO - PAST PERFECT
EL antepreterito es el PASADO de HABER mas el
PARTICIPIO. En espa?ol es:
Yo hab?a pensado
tu habi?s pensado
el, ella habi? pensado
Nosotros habiamos pensado
Udss. habi?n pensado
Ellos habi?n pensado
En ingl?S usamos HAD (haed) - el pasado de TO HAVE -
con todas las personas:
(I, you, he, she, it we, you plural, they) m?s el
participio.
ej:
I HAD thought
You HAD THOUGHT
He, she, it HAD THOUGHT
We HAD THOUGHT
You plural HAD THOUGHT
They HAD THOUGHT
PREGUNTAS: Se forma preguntas en el antepreterito
poniendo el sujeto entre had y el participio.
Had she worked?
?abi? ella trabajado?
Had they changed?
?abi?n ellos cambiado?
NEGATIOVS: Para formar el negativo se pone la palabra
NOT entre HAD y el participio:
She had NOT worked.
Ella no hab?a trabajado.
They HAD NOT changed
Ellos no habi?n cambiado.
EJERCICIO 30
A: Do you know anything about dinosaurs?
B: Oh, yes, quite a bit. Dinosaurs had lived on the
earth for millions of years before humans had ever
appeared. The reason for the disappearance of
dinosaurs has been a controversy for a long time, and
still has not been solved.
A: What do you think had happened to the dinosaurs to
have made them disappear?
B: It seems that a large meteorite had exploded on
earth about sixty five million years ago. The
meteorite had made a great deal of dust that had risen
up into the atmosphere and had blocked the sun's rays,
which then had stopped vegetation from growing. This
had led to a shortage of food for the dinosaurs,
leading to their extinction.
SU TRADUCCION:
ANTEFUTURO - FUTURE PERFECT
El ANTEFUTURO se forma con el futuro de HABER m?s
el participio.
En espa?ol es:
Yo habr? ido
tu habr?s ido
el, ella habr? ido
nosotros habremos ido
Uds. habr?n ido
ellos/as habr?n ido
En ingl?s usamos WILL HAVE m?s
el participio, y no se cambia en todas las personas.
Ej:
I WILL HAVE GONE
YOU WILL HAVE GONE
SHE, HE, IT WILL HAVE GONE
WE WILL HAVE GONE
YOU WILL HAVE GONE
THEY WILL HAVE GONE
PREGUNTAS: para formar una pregunta en el antefuturo
se pone el sujeto entre WILL y HAVE.
WILL YOU HAVE ARRIVED BY MORNING?
?abr?s tu llegado por la ma?ana
Will he have left before 2 o'clock?
?abr? el marchado antes de las 2?
EJERCICIO 31
A: How long will you have studied English when you
will have finished this course?
B: Oh, at the end of this course I will have studied
English for a total of twenty seven years.
A: Twenty seven years? But you still have not mastered
the English language!
B: Ha, ha, ha. That shows how difficult English is to
learn, and how determined I am to
learn it!! Besides, I know many people who will have
spent more years studying English than I, and they do
not even know the alphabet.
SU TRADUCCION:
SUBJUNTIVO - SUBJUNCTIVE
SUBJUNTIVO - SUBJUNCTIVE (wish - deseo, necessity -
necesidad, demand - demanda, suggestion - sugesti?n,
strong request - solicitud fuerte, urging - impeler,
resolution - resoluci?n)
En ingl?s, el subjuntivo solamente es usado para
expresar deseos, imperativos, demandas, necesidades,
recomendaciones fuertes, sugestiones y resoluciones -
condiciones cuales no son la verdad.
Las formas del subjuntivo son iguales que los
tiempos sencillos menos en la tercera persona singular
del subjuntivo presente cuando se quita el s del fin
del verbo.
Ejemplos:
A. Necessity -
(La frase en el presente "normal" - Mr. Adams arrives
today.)
Subjuntivo - It is important that Mr. Adams arrive
today.
B. Demand -
(Presente - Ray goes to work today)
Subjuntivo - Ray's boss insisted that Ray go to work
today.
C. Strong request -
( Presente - Susan remains after class)
Subjuntivo - The teacher asked that Susan remain after
class.
D. Urging -
(Presente - The cook wears a hat)
Subjuntivo - I urge that the cook wear a hat.
E. Resolution -
(Presente - Sam speaks on behalf of the company)
Subjuntivo - The board resolved that Sam speak on
behalf of the company at the meeting.
F. Suggestion -
Presente - Sam goes to the English class today.
Subjuntivo - I suggest that Sam go to the English
class today.
El subjuntivo del verbo TO BE tiene una forma
especial. Con este verbo el tiempo presente por todo
las personas es BE.
Necessity -
It is necessary that this section be done today.
Demand -
I insist that the house be clean by noontime.
Strong request -
The judge ordered that the court be cleared.
Urging -
Sam's lawyer urged that the judge be lenient.
Resolution -
The members voted that Sam be the person to go to Los
Angeles for the meeting.
DESEOS
Oraciones que empiesan con "WISH o WISHES" necesitan
el subjuntivo.
a. Para expresar el tiempo presente, el verbo
subjuntivo es en el pasado.
Ejemplo -
I wish I lived in Hawaii.
She wishes she looked like a movie star.
b. Para expresar el tiempo pasado - el verbo
subjuntivo es en el PAST PERFECT.
I wish that she had invited me.
She wishes that she had gone to Hawaii.
c. Para expresar el tiempo futuro - usamos WOULD.
I wish my dog would stop barking.
She wishes her boyfriend would drive more slowly.
SUBJUNTIVO PASADO DEL VERBO "TO BE" -
SIEMPRE USAMOS "WERE" PARA TODAS LAS PERSONAS
I wish I were king.
She wishes she were in Hawaii.
Tambi?n, MAY Y MIGHT se usado para el subjuntivo
pasado.
If I were a king, I might buy a castle.
If she wins the lottery, she might go to Hawaii.
CAN- COULD- MAY-MIGHT-WOULD-SHOULD-
Esas 6 palabras son verbos auxiliares que tienen
diversas sentidos seg?n su uso.
Muchas veces est?n usados para traducir el
subjunctivo espa?ol.
Aqu? explicamos y demostramos los usos m?s comunes.
Busca en tu diccionario para listas completas de sus
usos.
NOTA: no se cambia la forma en las tres personas (I,
you, he, she, it, we, you, they) para would, could,
can, should, may y might.)
I
you
he/she/it = would, could,
can, should, may, might
we
you
they
WOULD
1. Deseo -
Would you like a cup of coffee? Quer?as una taza de
cafe'?
The place where I would like to be... El lugar donde
me gustar?a estar..
What would he do if he were young?
?o que gustar?a hacer si fuera joven?
2. Consentamiento (querer):
Would you care for a cup of coffee?
?uieres una taza de caf??
Would you like some tea?
?uieres te?
3. Costumbre
He would clean it each day. Lo limpiaba cada d?a.
4. Condicional: Si una frase o orac?on no es una
probabilidad o es contrario ala situaci?n actual -
usamos WOULD en los tiempos pasados (y WILL en el
tiempo presente)
Pasado - She would come if she had time -
(Presente - She will come if she has time)
Ella vendr?a si ten?a tiempo.
If he had known, he would not have asked. (If he knows
he will not ask)
CAN (caen) y COULD (kud - aveces pasado de CAN)
1. Poder
I can go . Yo puedo ir
He could run very fast - El podr?a correr muy rap?do.
2. Ser capaz - She can sing well. Ella sabe cantar
bien.
I could jump high when I was young. Yo podr?a brincar
alto cuando era joven.
3. Pedir permiso -
(para pedir permiso CAN y COULD son intercambiables,
a vezes COULD tiene un sentido m?s fino).
Can I help you? ?e puedo ayudar?
Could you tell me the time? ?e podr?a decir la hora?
Mod?smo: can't help, couldn't help
I CAN'T HELP BUT THINK ABOUT YOU.
No puedo dejar de pensar de ti.
HE COULDN'T HELP HIMSELF.
No pudo controlarse.
MAY y MIGHT
1. Perdir permiso- formal, cort?s
May I have a glass of water?
?e permite un vaso de agua?
2. Posibilidad
It may rain. Es possible que llueva.
It might happen. Es possible que pasar?
Tambi?n May es usado como el subjunctivo presente:
Ej.
Perhaps we may eat lobster today. Quiz?s comamos
langosta hoy.
Y muchas veces MIGHT indica el subjunctivo pasado con
frases de "If..."
ej: espa?ol ingl?s
yo comiera I might eat a hot dog if itdoesn't cost
too much
tu comieras you might eat
el comiera he might eat
nostros comi?ramos we might eat
Uds. comieran you might eat
ellos comieran they might eat
Past perfect: I might have eaten that hot dog if it
was less expensive
SHOULD -
1. Deber - deber?a
I should go before she returns. Yo debo de ir antes de
que ella regresa.
He should pay it. El deber?a pagarlo
You shouldn't do that. Es mejor no hacer eso.
(NOTA: Tambi?n - "OUGHT TO" tiene la misma
significaci?n de "SHOULD")
2. Probabilidad -
They should arrive tomorrow. Han de llegar ma?ana.
We should be finished by then. Hemos de terminar por
entonces
3. Costumbre - He would buy a paper every day when he
was alive
EJERCICIO 32 - TRADUZCA:
A: May I help you?
B: Yes, please. May I see what you have in living room
rugs?
A: Yes you may. What particular style would you like
to see?
B: None in particular. Anything that you have that
might be good for a hacienda style house.
A: Well, if I were you, I would consider how Oaxaca
style rugs would beautify your house.
B: Well, I would buy Oaxaca style rugs if I could, but
they are too expensive.
A: Can I offer a suggestion?
B: Yes, you may.
A: If you were to buy two rugs, I would be able to
give you a discount.
B: Might I be able to do that?
A: Oh, yes, because the store owner wishes the
customer receive the best service we can provide.
B: Very good. I wish I had come to this store to buy
rugs before. Thank you very much for your assistance.
A: You are very welcome.
SU TRADUCCION:
IRREGULAR VERBS - VERBOS IRREGULARES
PRESENTE - PASADO - PARTICIPIO PASADO - ESPA?OL
GRUPO 1
Ene este grupo los participios terminan con n, en, y
ne;
los pasados tienen algun otro cambio.
blow blew blown soplar
do did done hacer
draw drew drawn dibujar
drive drove driven manejar
eat ate eaten comer
fall fell fallen caer
give gave given dar
go went gone ir
grow grew grown crecer
hide hid hidden esconder
know knew known saber, conocer
ride rode ridden montar
rise rose risen levantar
run ran run correr
see saw seen ver
shake shook shaken sacudir
slay slew slain matar
take took taken tomar
throw threw thrown tirar
write wrote written escribir
Grupo 2
El verbo no cambia en las tres formas:
burst burst burst reventar
cost cost cost costar
cut cut cut cortar
hit hit hit pegar
hurt hurt hurt da?ar, herir
let let let dejar
read (rid)* read (red) read (red) leer
set set set poner
shut shut shut cerrar
spread spread spread extender
*se cambia la pronunciaci?n
Grupo 3 - Tiene la misma forma en el pasado y
participio
bend bent bent inclinar
bleed bled bled sangrar
bring brought brought traer
buy bought bought comrar
catch caught caught atrapar
dig dug dug cavar
dive dived dived o dove sumergirse
fight fought fought pelear
flee fled fled huir de
get got got o gotten obtener
have had had tener
hear heard heard escuchar
hold held held detener
keep kept kept guardar
lead led led dirigir
lend lent lent prestar
light lit lit luminar
lose lost lost perder
make made made hacer
pay paid paid pagar
say said said decir
sell sold sold vender
shine shone shone brillar
sit sat sat sentar
sleep slept slept dormir
stand stood stood parar
sting stung stung picar
swing swung swung columpear
teach taught taught ense?ar
Grupo 4 -A?ada n o en a la forma del pasado para
formar el participo:
awake awoke awoken despertarse
bear bore borne llevar
beat beat beaten golpear
bite bit bitten morder
break broke broken romper
choose chose chosen escojer
freeze froze frozen congelar
prove proved proven probar
speak spoke spoken hablar
steal stole stolen robar
swear swore sworn jurar
tear tore torn romper, rasgar
wake woke woken despertarse
wear wore worn usar (ropa)
Grupo 5
Cambia el vocal i en el presente a una a en el pasado
y a una u en el participio
begin began begun empezar
drink drank drunk beber, tomar
ring rang rung rodear
sing sang sung cantar
sink sank sunk hundir
spring sprang sprung saltar
swim swam swum nadar
Grupo 6
Tiene varias cambias, no hay una regla
come came came venir
lie lay lain acostarse
(lie -regular = lied lied mentir)
lay laid lain dejar
be was/were been ser, estar
have, has had had tener, haber
EJERCICIO 33
Presente: pasado: participio pasado:
stand I stood I have __________
read You___ You have___________
sell He _____etc.
sleep We______
prove You (uds.)
Make They
light You (tu)
pay I
lie he
let we
hear we
hide You (uds.)
hold I
keep He
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS - PRONOMBRES INDEFINIDOS
all todo/a/os/as
another otro/a
any cualquiera/a
anybody, anyone alguna/o, alguien y cualquier
(persona)
anything cualquier cosa, algo
both ambos
couple of dos o tres, poco
each cada uno, cada cual
either or el uno o el otro
enough bastante, sufiiciente
every cada
everybody todos/as
everyone todos/as
everything todo/a
few poco/a
less menos
little poco
many mucho/a
more m?s
much mucho
neither-nor ni uno ni otro
nobody nadie, ninguno/a
no-one, none nadie, ninguno/a
nothing nada
other otra/o
several varias/os, algunas/os
some alg?n
somebody alguien, alguno
someone alguien, alguno
sothing algo/a
such tal, los mismos, las mismas
EJERCICIO 34
TRADUZCA:
Once I was talking to nobody in particular when
somebody came up to me and asked if I had seen anybody
looking for everyone who had green hair.
I said that I had not seen anyone with green
hair, but I had seen some people with blue hair, but
each of them was also wearing a wig.
He said that none of these people was the kind of
person he had been looking for, and that he would keep
on looking until he found everyone.
PREPOSITIONS - PREPOSICIONES
Preposiciones indican la relaci?n entre dos
palabras
como - ?ntre.?
Estan usados igual en ingl?s como en espa?ol.
Nota: no ponga la palabra for u of despues de una
preposici?n.
DE LUGAR
about cerca
above sobre, encima
across del otro lado
after detr?s
against contra
along a lo largo, por
alongside al lado de
amid entr?
among entr?
around alrededor
at a, en (al lado de)
before antes, enfrente
behind detr?s
below bajo, debajo
beneath debajo
beside al lado de
between entr?
beyond m?s all?
by por, cerca
down abajo
forth adelante
from de, desde
in en, dentro
inside en, adentro
near cerca
off fuera
on on, sobre
onto sobre
opposite enfrente
outside afuera, fuera
over sobre, arriba
past m?s all?
through a trav?s
throughout a lo largo
to a, hacia
toward(s) hacia
under bajo, debajo
up arriba
upon sobre, encima
within dentro
DE TIEMPO
after despues
before antes
during mientras
for durante
since desde
till hasta
'til hasta
until hasta
EJERCICIO 35
TRADUZCA
1. El ni?o est? al lado del arbol.
2. Estabamos caminando a trav?s el bosque.
3. Mi perro corri? al lado del carro al lo largo del
camino.
4. Estamos por un lado de ellos.
5. toward.
6. up
7. near
8. behind
9. during
10. before
COMPARITIVO - COMPARITIVE
Son dos grados del adjetivo y adverbio que usamos
para expresar las diferencias o parecidos entre dos o
m?s personas, animales, o cosas, como:
1. Espa?ol:
tan.....como....
Ingl?s:
as...as...
The elephant is as big as a house.
El elefante es tan grande como una casa.
2. La forma -
m?s que - more than
menos que - less than
50 is more than 45. 50 es m?s que 45.
45 is less than 50. 45 es menos que 50
3. La forma - "...er" y "...est" -
grande m?s grande la m?s grande
big bigger biggest
4. La forma - "...er than" =
An elephant is bigger than a car.
Un elefante es m?s grande que un carro.
5. La forma - "...est of " =
The dinosaur is the biggest of the three.
El dinosaurio es la m?s grande de los tres
EJERCICIO 36
TRADUCELA
Scene: A tavern, late at night. Two friends have been
drinking and are making toasts.
A: Here's to the bend in the road.
B. Here's to the tree at the bend in the road.
A. To the leaves on the tree at the bend in the road.
B: To the rock under the tree at the bend in the road.
A: To the bug on top of the rock under the tree at the
bend of the road.
B: To the worm underneath the rock that's under the
tree that's at the bend of the road.
A: Here's to the wind that blows through the leaves on
the tree that stands at the bend of the road.
B: Here's to the bird that flies over the tree at the
bend of the road.
A: And, finally, here's to the bush that is beside the
tree that is at the bend of the road. Let's go home!!
SU TRADUCCION:
RESPUESTAS
EJERCICIO 20
1. He came in the house.
2. I drank soda.
3. They sang a song.
4. She taught English.
5. We said: Hello.
EJERCICIO 21
PREGUNTAS EN EL PASADO
1. Did I eat a hot dog?
2. Yesterday he did not go.
3. Did we speak English?
4. Did they go home?
5. They do not like lobster.
6. John did not come in.
EJERCICIO 22
1. Yes, we ate the hot dogs.
2. No, you did not work yesterday.
3. Yes, she went to the zoo.
4. No, they did not talk to the teacher.
5. Yes, I ate the watermelon.
6. No, the carpenter did not sing a song.
7. No, I did not do my homework today.
8. Yes, the dog ate my homework.
9. No, the students did not study English today.
10. Yes, the teacher came late.
EJERCICIO 23
TIEMPO FUTURO
1. Yes, I will come tomorrow.
2. No, he will not go to Acapulco.
3. Yes, I will study English today.
4. No, I will not give you a million dollars.
5. No, I will not eat lobster today
EJERCICIO 24
TIEMPO PROGRESIVO -
PRESENTE (ING)
1. I
2. are
3. is ... working
4. are
5. are eating
6. am not reading
7. Are...coming
8. are...driving
9. she ...running
10. are ...going
11. are ...being
EJERCICIO 25
PASADO
1. was working
2. you walking
3. were going
4. was ... not
5. were going
6. being
7. was walking
8. were studying
9. were not watching
10. were studying
EJERCICIO 26
FUTURO
1. be leaving
2. will not
3. will..be..eating
4. will be working
5. will..be coming
6. will not be working
7. will not be playing
8. will not be driving
9. will not..driving
10. will be arriving
EJERCICIO 27
Traduccion:
Yo estaba pescando en la playa un dia,
pero no estaba atrapando ning?n pez. Un viejo
estaba caminando en la playa y dijo: No vas
estar atrapando ning?n pez hoy porque tu
estas usando la carnada incorrecta en tu
anzuelo.
?ue tengo que usar? pregunte.
Te dire ma?ana, el contesto, mientras
estaba marchando de aqui.
1. fishing
2. He is using the wrong bait.
3. The old man was walking on the beach.
4. were not
5. ????
EJERCICO 28
1 - 9, agrega ed:
walked, talked, employed, worked, cooked, looked,
washed, cleaned, played...
10. tried
EJERCICIO 29
A: ?ue clases de trabajo ha hecho?
B: Pues, he sido cocinero, mec?nico, y chofer de taxi.
A: ?iensa usted que ha tenido suficiente experienc?a
de ser lavador de "Widget"?
B: Oh, s?.
La mayor?a de mis amigos han dicho que tengo
experiencia de ser un lavador de widget. En realidad,
mi mejor amigo me ha dicho que tengo suficiente
inteligencia a ser el mejor lavador de widget de la
cidudad.
A: He oido suficiente. He llegado a la conclusi?n
que es calificado para el trabajo. Est? Usted
aquilado.
EJERCICIO 30
A: ?abes tu algo de dinosaurios?
B: Oh, s?, bastante. Dinosaurios hab?an vivido en la
tierra por millones de a?os antes de que los humanos
hab?an aparecido. El raz?n por el desaparici?n de los
dinosaurios ha sido un controversia por mucho tiempo,
y siempre no ha sido resolvido.
A: ?ue piensas que hab?a pasado a los dinosaurios para
haber hecho que desaparacer?
B: Parece que un meteorito grande hab?a estallado hace
aproximadamente 65 millones de a?os. El meteorito
hab?a hecho mucho polvo que hab?a subido hacia arriba
al atm?sfera y hab?a obstruido las rayas del sol, que
entonces hab?a parado el crecemiento de vegetaci?n.
Esta hab?a resultado en un escaso de comida para los
dinosaurios, resultando en su extinci?n.
EJERCICIO 31
ANTEFUTURO
A: ?uanto tiempo habr?s estudiado ingl?s
cuando habr?s terminado este curso?
B: O, al fin de ese curso yo habr? estudiado ingl?s en
total por 27 a?os.
A: ?7 a?os! ero todav?a no has dominado el idioma
ingl?s!
B: Ja, ja, ja, ja. Esa muestra que tan dif?cil es de
aprender
ingl?s, y -
1ue tan resuelto soy en aprenderlo!
Adem?s yo conozco mucha gente quienes habr?an pasado
m?s a?os que yo estudiando ingl?s, y .i saben el
alfabeto!
EJERCICIO 32
SUBJUNTIVO: May, Might, Should, Could
A: ?e puede ayudar?
B: S?, porfavor. ?e permites ver lo que tienes de
alfombras para sala?
A: S?, puedes. Cual estilo especial quieres ver?
B: Ning?n especial. Cualquier que tienes que
posiblemente sea buena una casa estilo hacienda.
A: Pues, si fuera tu, concider?a como una alfombra
Oaxaca embellecer?a tu casa.
B: Pues, comprar?a una alfombra Oaxaca si pod?a, pero
son demasiadas caras.
A: ?e permites hacer una sugerencia?
B: S? puedes.
A: Si comprar?a dos alfombras, podr?a darte un
descuento.
B: ?Es posible que lo hago?
A: O, s?, porque el due?o de esta tienda desea que los
clientes reciben el mejor servicio que podemos
ofrecer.
EJERCICIO 33
VERBOS IRREGULARES
stood have stood
read have read
sold has sold
slept have slept
proved have proven
made have made
lit have lit
paid have paid
lay has lain
let have let
heard have heard
hid have hidden
held have held
kept has kept
EJERECICO 34
PRONOMBRES INDEFINIDOS
Una vez yo estaba hablando a ninguna persona
especial, cuando alguien me acerc? y me pregunto si yo
hab?a visto a alguien buscando todas personas cuales
ten?an pelo verde.
Yo dije que no hab?a visto nadie con pelo verde,
pero s? hab?a visto algunas personas con pelo azul,
pero cado uno de ellos tra?a puesto una peluca.
El dijo que ning?na de estas personas fue la
clase de personas que el hab?a estado buscando, y que
el seguir?a buscando hasta que el consequia todos.
EJERC?7?
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