[NIFL-FOBASICS:577] Summit Summary: US ethnic/racial health disparities

From: Kate Singleton (katesingleton@cox.net)
Date: Thu Jul 18 2002 - 11:52:22 EDT


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From: "Kate Singleton" <katesingleton@cox.net>
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Subject: [NIFL-FOBASICS:577] Summit Summary:  US ethnic/racial health disparities
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LONG POSTING

Hello, Focus on Basics list subscribers.  The following was written to be
posted on the ESL list,
but it contains information which may be of interest to a broader adult ed
audience:

Last week I was fortunate enough to attend the National Leadership Summit on
Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health in Washington, DC.  The
summit was put on by the US Department of Health and Human Services' (HHS)
Office of Minority Health.  Approximately 2,000 health care practitioners,
health-related community-based organization representatives, and health
educators attended from all over the United States.  (To my knowledge, I was
the only representative of adult education in attendance.)  Much was
discussed during the 3 day conference that pertains to adult immigrants and
could impact our students and classes.  I will summarize here some of the
information I learned.


Various workshops addressed the civil rights of immigrants, documented and
undocumented, regarding access to health care.  Below are brief explanations
of some civil rights issues that affect immigrants.  For further
clarification,  refer to the HHS Office of Civil Rights website at
www.hhs.gov/ocr.

· On language barriers:  Deeana Jang, Senior Civil Rights Analyst of the HHS
Office of Civil Rights clarified that federal law (Title VI of the 1964
Civil Rights Act and a guidance on its interpretation in 2000) prohibits
discrimination by federal fund recipients (e.g. Medicaid, Medicare Part A
payments) on the basis of race, color, or national origin.  National origin
covers people with limited English proficiency.  The law covers state,
county and local health and welfare agencies, hospitals, clinics, and other
health care providers who receive federal money.  These entities must ensure
"meaningful access by LEP persons."  This includes interpreting services,
with options of providing bilingual staff, staff interpreters, contract
interpreters, volunteer interpreters, or telephone interpreters.  Patients
should not be required to bring their own interpreters.  This will hopefully
prevent children from being in the awkward position of interpreting medical
information on their parent's health, and will establish a professional
standard for health interpreting.  (Patients can bring their own interpreter
if they choose their own over the one provided for them;  however, it is the
care provider's legal responsibility to provide one.)  A tricky aspect of
the law is that the type of language assistance a health care provider must
offer is not set in stone; factors like size of the entity, size of the
population served that speaks a given language, resources of the entity and
the community, and the nature of the program or service provided are
factored into determining the form of language assistance considered
reasonable.  Bottom line:  While medical entities that receive federal
funding may offer different forms of language assistance, it is the legal
right of the limited English proficient person to have some such assistance
provided.  Patients should not be told they have to provide their own.  If
the law is not observed, people can report it to the HHS Office of Civil
Rights without risk of INS being contacted.

· On immigration status and use of public benefit programs:  Dinah Wiley,
also Senior Civil Rights Analyst at the HHS Office of Civil Rights,
clarified that as a result of the 1996 changes to welfare laws, most legal
immigrants cannot use TANF, Medicaid, SCHIP (State Children's Health
Insurance Programs) or food stamps for 5 years after their immigration.
Consequently, many families whose children are US citizens do not obtain
SCHIP coverage for their children because the parents fear that it will
impact their own immigration status, or, if they are undocumented, they fear
their status will be revealed to INS through the child's application
process.  Children eligible for insured health care are not getting it.  In
the application process only the child's status is required.  A child's use
of SCHIP should not affect the parents' immigration status.  Also, anyone
that legally received benefits before the 1996 law change is not obligated
to repay the government in order to have a green card.  In practice,
however, local benefits office or INS workers may not be educated on this
fact.  There have been cases investigated in which immigrants were told that
in order to get a green card or readmission to the US, they had to repay
public benefits that were legally obtained by a family member, because the
INS worker did not understand the law.


One workshop addressed various aspects of health literacy.  The workshop was
moderated by Carolyn Staley of the National Institute for Literacy.  Andres
Muro of the El Paso Community College Community Education Program spoke on
how he helped his ESL program incorporate health into ESL classes. Below are
points made by other speakers that may affect ESL learners and programs.

· On collaboration between the adult education and health care fields:
Cynthia Baur of the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
(ODPHP) at HHS stated that, as one of its strategies to address the problem
of low health literacy in the US, ODPHP is moving to increase collaboration
between the two fields.  Since health educators and adult ed often work with
the same populations, the government feels that a combined effort may be
more fruitful and economical.  The government is in the process of
clarifying what kinds of collaboration it will envision. It was apparent
that members of the health care field are not aware that many adult
educators already address health issues in the content of their lessons.
This may be an opportunity to increase awareness of adult ed's work and to
update curricula and materials in the areas of access to care, communication
with health care providers, and general health awareness and prevention.

· On literacy testing at the health care provider's office:  One
presentation promoted the use of a literacy test called the Test of
Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA).  The TOFHLA was  created by
the health care field to be administered to patients by health care
providers. The purpose of the test is to assess a patient's reading level to
determine whether or not they are able to comprehend written medical
instructions.  Test administrators are not being given sensitivity training
for working with adults of low literacy.  As a teacher of basic literacy for
15 years, this information concerns me.  The fact of being asked to take a
test that no other person in the doctor's office is being asked to take
could have a considerable negative effect on a person who is already feeling
stigma over their lack of literacy skills.

When asked if all patients entering a clinic would be tested, the presenter
stated that it would be administered at the clinician's discretion, if he or
she felt the person was consistently not following instructions.  The fact
that this is the only criterion for administering the test, and that it is
subjective, is disconcerting.  Other communication issues could be
interfering and might warrant exploration before a test is administered.
The test was created in English and has been translated into Spanish.  There
appears to be little consideration given to the fact that translating the
test does not necessarily make it culturally appropriate for the wide
variety of Spanish-speaking cultural groups in the US.  Also, while the test
is supposed to be given to English and Spanish speakers only, it is unclear
whether all potential administrators will know not to give it to people who
speak a different native language.  Administering it to a person for whom it
wasn't designed could have a negative impact on the patient and his/her
treatment experience.


 While all participants in the conference would probably agree that the
problems of racial and ethnic disparities in access to care and overall
health are immense, the conference seemed to be an energizing, positive
event for all. The federal government's clear expression of concern over the
problem appeared to generate increased hopefulness for improvement.  Many
contacts were made, ideas shared and potential for collaboration discovered.
It remains to be seen what this all will mean for adult ed and ESL in the
future, but interest was certainly expressed in having us be a part of the
solution.

Kate Singleton
katesingleton@cox.net
Fairfax County (VA) Adult and Community Education



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