[NIFL-FOBASICS:1159] Re: Long division --HELP!!!!

From: Lynne (LynneT@comcast.net)
Date: Tue Nov 16 2004 - 14:38:18 EST


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From: "Lynne" <LynneT@comcast.net>
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Subject: [NIFL-FOBASICS:1159] Re: Long division --HELP!!!!
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I just recently had a long discussion with a student, older adult, who is
really struggling with a required college math class.  His comments were
very similar to those of my daughter, also now in college, who is
intellectually "gifted" but probably has a nonverbal learning disability and
in any case has a terrible time with logical-sequential processing.

My student said that his primary problem is that he needs to get the big
picture first -- he can't build up to it by first learning all the little
pieces.  He needs to feel he understands what he is trying to do before he
starts trying.  Unfortunately, math is typically taught the other way.  We
teach lots of little pieces and then students are asked to put the pieces
together.  Once the pieces are assembled, there is -- one hopes -- an "aha!"
when the student suddenly understands how it all works.

For some students, no matter how highly motivated and even "bright", this
simply doesn't work.  At the same time, it's really hard to convey the big
picture without dealing with the little pieces.  (You think math is bad -- I
had to tutor my daughter through both chemistry and AP chemistry in high
school.  A nightmare, but she learned it and is even signing up for another
chemsitry course next semester.)

I don't have a universal answer for solving this problem, but the general
approach I've found that seems to work is to take a two tiered approach.  On
one hand, I do try to build the big picture and to help the student learn to
tolerate a fairly fuzzy big picture because the thorough understanding just
won't be there until the little pieces fall into place.  On the other hand,
I take an extremely mechanistic approach to the little pieces, linking
fairly incomprehensible, to-be-memorized components back to the big picture.
Don't even try to do conceptual work on the little pieces -- it's a
distraction.

Long division is a perfect example of this.  How many people really
understand why long division works -- we all just know how to do it.  Some
of us did have the "aha!" when we got good at it, but most just know what to
do and know that the right answer magically appears at the end of the
procedure.  But for students with logical-sequential processing
difficulties, just learning the steps without a sense of where they're
leading is very hard.  So it helps to stop pretending that the steps make
sense -- and really, most people are indeed pretending -- just learn the
routine.  At the same time, these students have a very great need to keep
track of where they're going, so you do want to keep linking back to the
reason you're engaging in all these contortions in the first place, and also
to track progress through the procedure.

A related issue is that I firmly believe that very few students, even math
students, know how to read a math book -- at least not until very advanced
levels.  In my experience, students first try to read it like a novel.  In
well-done math books, you read along saying "uh-huh, uh-huh" and everything
seems to make perfect sense until you get to the problems.  Then you can't
do them and you just feel stupid.  Once that tack fails, students start with
the problems and their notes from class, if any.  They look back through the
chapter to find clues to the problems, but since they have no idea what the
chapter actually says, never having looked at it before, they usually can't
identify the clues.

I work very hard on teaching students to read the math book the way a math
person would -- with pad and pencil in hand, working every single example,
checking back to confirm everytime the book says "as we have shown in
chapter ___" or something of the sort.  Don't even touch the problems (other
than to estimate the level of the workload) until the examples are
thoroughly understood.  That means, often, working them several times -- 
first with open book, then with closed book.  Finally, start the problems.
Usually the first few match the examples and then everything goes haywire.
But now we can start looking at aspects of the problem that match something
in the chapter, hopefully an example, and we can start reasoning through.

For studying for tests, I encourage students to once again start by working
all the example problems, especially if the test covers several chapters.  I
also try to get students to keep clean copies of all assigned problems
(worked correctly or at least corrected) and to use those for studying.
Again, most students don't discover this on their own and don't realize it's
what the math stars generally are doing.  If they really want to test their
knowledge, try working unassigned problems enough in advance to ask the
teacher for help if they run into difficulty.

Long division is sufficiently complicated that a modified version of all of
this can be done just for this one operation.  But only in the context of
keeping an eye on the big problem (dividing large numbers of somethings into
smaller groups and figuring out how many groups there will be and how many
leftovers).

Sorry for such a long answer -- this topic has been on my mind lately.

--Lynne



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