[NIFL-HEALTH:2804] Low literacy and HIV

From: Sandra Smith (sandras@u.washington.edu)
Date: Mon Jan 22 2001 - 12:49:18 EST


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From: "Sandra Smith" <sandras@u.washington.edu>
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Subject: [NIFL-HEALTH:2804] Low literacy and HIV
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Low literacy in the news toady: 
Low Health Literacy Portends Low CD4+ Counts, High Viral Loads 
WESTPORT, CT (Reuters Health) Jan 15 - Among patients infected with HIV,
inability to read and comprehend basic healthcare information is associated
with significantly worse health outcomes, report Dr. Seth C. Kalichman and
Dr. David Rompa, of the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee. 
"Because AIDS affects populations of young people with disadvantaged
educations and people living in the developing world, we thought it
important to test whether reading ability interferes with consistently
taking medications for HIV infection," Dr. Kalichman told Reuters Health. 
A total of 339 HIV-infected subjects participated in the study; medical
records were available for 167. The investigators assessed health literacy
using the reading comprehension scale of the Test of Functional Health
Literacy in Adults. The 25% of subjects who scored below 80% correct were
classified as having lower health literacy. 
"This study is the first to demonstrate that people with HIV who have low
reading ability have far more difficulty adhering to their medications and
have more serious immune system damage related to poor medication
adherence," Dr. Kalichman stated. The findings are described in the December
issue of the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 
The researchers measured significantly lower viral loads, higher CD4+ cell
counts, and an increased likelihood of receiving antiretroviral medications
in subjects with higher health literacy compared with those of lower health
literacy. 
Those with lower health literacy perceived their health as poorer, which in
turn was associated with progression to AIDS and greater number of
hospitalizations. Lower health literacy translated to difficulty in
accessing care because of subjects' beliefs that "treatment could not help
them" and "they mistrusted healthcare providers." 
It is difficult to identify people with low literacy because many are
ashamed to talk about their reading problems, Dr. Kalichman said. He added,
"The best way to screen patients for reading ability is to ask them to read
something, like a health information brochure, and then ask simple questions
to test whether the patient comprehended a key concept. This can detect a
reading problem without embarrassing the patient." 
For patients with poor literacy skills, Dr. Kalichman and Dr. Rompa
recommend such measures as simplified instructions, nonverbal forms of
communication such as color-coded medicine containers and blister pack
medication doses, and use of pictographs for medical instructions. 
Use of such measures could achieve significant health savings, they
speculate. "The payoff is improved health and therefore less use of hospital
care and other expensive services," Dr. Kalichman pointed out. In addition,
"when treatments fail, the costs can even be higher because of issues of
medication resistance. So interventions to improve medication adherence for
low-literacy populations will ultimately save healthcare costs." 
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000;25:337-344. 


Sandra Smith, MPH, CHES
Health Education Specialist
University of Washington
Center for Health Education & Research
Clinical Instructor, Health Services Dept
Editor, 	Beginnings: A Practical Guide through Pregnancy
Editor, http://www.PrenatalEd.com

Mailing Address:
2821 2nd Ave #1601
Seattle WA 98121
206-441-7046
sandras@u.washington.edu



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