[NIFL-LD:3301] Re: Instruction for LBLD - more ?? for Denton

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Date: Sat Dec 02 2000 - 00:29:08 EST


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Subject: [NIFL-LD:3301] Re: Instruction for LBLD - more ?? for Denton
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Denton Kurtz wrote:
>Would you have a reference or references on the word
> metacognitive, meta-cognitive, metacognition, etc.

Most of what I have is in my notes at work, so it'll have to wait til next
week. But here are a couple tidbits taken from some teacher training texts I
have:

Mercer, Cecil D. & Mercer, Ann R. (1993). Teaching students with learning
problems (4th edition).  Prentice Hall.

"Independent generalization is the product of highly developed metacognitive
processes. These processes involve self-evaluation, self-monitoring,
self-recording, self-goal setting, and self-reinforcement. These
metacognitive skills reflect a thinking process that is acquired through
self-instructional training. During acquisition of a skill the concept of
"thinking for yourself" is incorporated into the instructional program.
Preparing students with learning problems to use metacognition requires them
to develop a system of self-questioning. When students use self-questions,
they are active participants in their learning tasks."

and...

Cunningham, Patricia M., Moore, Sharon Arthur, Cunningham, James W., &
Moore, David W. (1995). Reading and writing in elementary classrooms:
Strategies and observations (3rd edition). Longman Publishers.

"An important point about the [reading] strategies that are presented during
comprehension lessons is that they need to be applied throughout the school
day. Applying stragegies to materials is important because performing a
strategy when directed by teachers and performing it without teachers'
directions are two separate concerns. Research in metacognition clearly
indicates that knowing when to perform strategies is a characteristic of
proficient readers. Students might reread a difficult section of a passage
when their teacher tells them to do so, but these same students might seldom
reread difficult sections when on their own. Students might form mental
images when so instructed by their teacher, but they might never form images
when reading by themselves. Independent application of strategies is the
goal of reading instruction.

The distinction between using strategies only when told to and using them
independently is referred to as being skillful versus being strategic. A way
to help students become strategic readers is to assign a reading passage and
then ask the students what they should do in order to understand it. The few
minutes spent brainstorming strategies that probably are needed for
comprehending a particular passage is time well spent."

>Would want to add that
> determining how a person thinks or doesn't think directs us to training
> various successful models of thinking so that applied functioning will
> improve.

Or as the above quotes suggest, to help learners become independent and
strategic... by helping them discover what strategies are possible and when
they should be applied.

Tom



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