[NIFL-LD:4928] Fwd: LD and intensive phonics

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Date: Tue Oct 11 2005 - 10:54:25 EDT


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Aaron,
 
Dr. Kenneth Pugh spoke at the Bridges to Practice annual symposium at the  
LDA Conference.  He is also one of the two keynote speakers - along with  Dr. 
Jim Russell - scheduled at the LDA of Michigan annual conference at the  Kellogg 
Hotel and Conference Center in East Lansing, Michigan. Dr.  Pugh's keynote 
session will be held on Monday, October 24, 2005. Dr. Pugh  is a Research 
Scientist at the Yale University School of Medicine (Pediatrics)  and also holds an 
appointment as a Senior Scientist at the Haskins Laboratories,  New Haven, CT. 
His primary research interests are in the areas of cognitive  neuroscience 
and psycholinguistics.  For those of you that are interested  in hearing two of 
the best speakers and professionals in our field, this would  be a great 
opportunity.  For more information, go to: 
_http://www.bridges4kids.org/ld/FallConfLDA.pdf_ (http://www.bridges4kids.org/ld/FallConfLDA.pdf) .
 
 

Rochelle Kenyon
Moderator, NIFL-Learning Disabilities Discussion  List
_RKenyon721@AOL.com_ (mailto:RKenyon721@AOL.com) 
 
 
John,

Sorry I couldn't respond earlier- I have been out of town the  past 
week.  Kenneth Pugh at Yale Univ. has also done some recent brain  research 
using MRIs and looking at what happens in the brain when someone is  
reading.   There is a short write-up here on his research area:  
http://www.haskins.yale.edu/Haskins/STAFF/pugh.html

I don't know if  more has been published yet.

Aaron

At 11:04 AM 9/30/2005 -0400,  you wrote:

>Hello Aaron,
>
>Thank you for the  references.  I had a good read of the article on
>Neurobiology, and  it is very informative and well written.
>
>However I have some  problems with it.  From what I have seen, none of the
>research on  dyslexia has taken into account a key environmental factor - how
>the  subjects had been taught to read.   Moreover none of the researchers,  
to
>my knowledge, have looked at children who have been given intensive  phonics
>training at the start of primary school, by either explicit  phonics or
>synthetic phonics.  Perhaps the patterns of brain  activation would be
>different, if the subjects had been taught in a  different way.  In the
>Clackmannanshire study, all the children were  taught to read successfully
>using synthetic phonics, and there was little  or no "dyslexia" apparent.
>And I have heard of reseach suggesting that  the left brain can indeed by
>"activated" to help people overcome reading  problems.
>
>Therefore, I am suspicious when the article says that  "dyslexia is a
>persistent and chronic condition".  It seems there  might be effective
>remediation that could activate the parts of the brain  that are used by
>normal readers.  A key giveaway in the article is  as follows:
>
>[quote]
>  The awareness that all words  can be decomposed into these basic elements 
of
>language (phonemes) allows  the reader to decipher the reading code. In order
>to read, a child has to  develop the insight that spoken words can be pulled
>apart into phonemes  and that the letters in a written word represent these
>sounds. This  so-called phonemic awareness is largely missing in dyslexic
>children and  adults. Results from large and well-studied populations with
>reading  disability confirm that in young school-aged children, as well as  
in
>adolescents, a deficit in phonology represents the most robust and  specific
>correlate of reading disability.
>[end  quote]
>
>The explicit phonics and synthetic phonics are designed to  give this
>phonemic awareness from the start.  The other skill these  methods impart is
>"blending" - the ability to put the phonemes together  to form (spoken)
>words.  This skill is not mentioned in the article  but is a key skill for
>reading.
>
>There is a great danger of  looking at the brain of a dyslexic person, and
>saying the brain has been  "disrupted" or "impaired", when in fact it may be
>just the way the person  was taught.  Is there any evidence to the contrary?
>
>What I'd  like to see is brain scans of the Clackmannanshire pupils reading,
>to see  which parts of the brain they are using, especially for those pupils
>with  dyslexic genes.
>
>Cheers from  Chiswick,
>
>John
>
>P.S.  Ian, I'm copying this to  you, because I read you'd done some fMRI with
>researchers at  Bristol.
>
>
>
>----- Original Message  -----
>From: "Aaron Kohring" <akohring@utk.edu>
>To: "Multiple  recipients of list" <nifl-ld@literacy.nifl.gov>
>Sent: Thursday,  September 29, 2005 5:00 PM
>Subject: [NIFL-LD:4893] Re: LD and intensive  phonics
>
>
> > John,
> >
> > Yes, there  is research into some of these areas you mention.
> >
> > I'd  recommend taking a look at the Focus on Basics article: The
> >  Neurobiology of Reading and Dyslexia: http://www.ncsall.net/?id=278
>  >
> > Also, look at the resources under the section on  Teaching/Learning 
related
> > to instruction:  http://ldlink.coe.utk.edu/research.htm
> >
> > Other good  instructional guides are found here:
> >  http://ldlink.coe.utk.edu/ld_instruction.htm
> >
> >  Aaron
> >
> >
> > At 11:26 AM 9/29/2005 -0400, you  wrote:
> >>Hello everybody,
> >>
> >>It  seems I was too late for Christopher, and a bit off topic, since my
>  >>questions were not related to technology.  But I'd be interested to  have
> >>answers to these questions.
> >>
>  >>Concerning the first question I asked, what kind of particular problems  
do
> >>people with LD have with reading.  Is there anything  different from the
> >>"specific" learning difficulty, which is  dyslexia (or at least embraces
> >>dyslexia)?  Is the  difficulty in phonological awareness, or in blending
> >>skills, or  in spelling/decoding rules, or in comprehension, or a mixture
>  >>of
> >>all these?  If it is a mix, is there a  characteristic mix?  Has any
> >>research
> >>been  done on this?
> >>
> >>On the second question, I have  heard of people with LD being taught to
> >>recognise whole words by  associating them with symbols.  This seems to be
> >>a
>  >>denial of the fact that letters represent sounds, and they should  be
> >>taught
> >>how to decode words, by sounding out  the letters and blending those 
sounds
> >>together.  But one  person I asked said that "phonics was not suitable for
> >>children  with LD".  I cannot believe this.  Is there research evidence  
on
> >>whether intensive phonics teaching is effective or not for  people with 
LD,
> >>regardless of age?
> >>
>  >>The third question is about cause and effect.  If poor readers  are
> >>utilising
> >>their right brain when they should  be using their left brain, they could
> >>end
> >>up  with underdeveloped left brains, i.e. not as relatively large 
(compared
>  >>to right brain) as normal.  That would be an _effect_ of lack of  use.
> >>Alternatively a left brain problem (e.g. damage) could be  the _cause_ of
> >>their poor reading, from a young age, and they  would grow up with a
> >>relatively small left brain.  So is it  cause or effect?  What does the
> >>research say?  And is  there anything that can be done for the older child
> >>or
>  >>adult person to help in left brain development?
> >>
>  >>----------
> >>
> >>----- Original Message  -----
> >>From: "John Nissen" <jn@cloudworld.co.uk>
>  >>To: "Multiple recipients of list"  <nifl-ld@literacy.nifl.gov>
> >>Sent: Friday, September 23,  2005 10:26 PM
> >>Subject: [NIFL-LD:4872] LD and intensive  phonics
> >>
> >>
> >> >
> >>  > Hello Christopher,
> >> >
> >> > I am sorry I  coming into this session rather late.  I hope I am not 
too
> >>  > late
> >> > to join in with some questions.
> >>  >
> >> > 1.  Do people with LD have different teaching  requirements?
> >> >
> >> > I am trying to find  out whether there is any difference in the 
teaching
> >> >  requirements for teaching people with LD to read, and teaching people
>  >> > with
> >> > dyslexia to read.  I haven't found  any factor to distinguish them, as
> >> > regards their reading  (dis)ability.
> >> >
> >> > 2.  Is poor  reading due to poor teaching?
> >> >
> >> > Also I  want to find out to what extent the poor reading, or
> >> >  non-reading,
> >> > is
> >> > due to misguided  teaching.  I often see that there are attempts to
> >> >  teach
> >> > whole word recognition rather than word decoding,  especially for 
people
> >> > with
> >> > LD, who  may be considered incapable of the necessary phonological
> >> >  awareness.
> >> > In the Clackmannanshire study, it was shown  that a 'phonics first and
> >> > fast'
> >> >  approach worked marvels for all the children, and by the end of 
primary
>  >> > school they were three years ahead in reading age compared to  their
> >> > peers
> >> > taught by the  'conventional' teaching of a mixture of methods
> >> >  (including
> >> > an
> >> > element of phonics,  together with guessing strategies, etc.).  I
> >> >  suspect
> >> > that anybody who has learnt to speak is also  capable of the
> >> > phonological
> >> >  awareness required for reading and writing, given appropriate 
teaching.
>  >> >
> >> > 3.  Left brain development for rapid  decoding
> >> >
> >> > Finally I wonder whether  the right brain development in some poor
> >> > readers
>  >> > is
> >> > because they have developed skills for  whole word recognition, and 
with
> >> > the
> >> >  right teaching, their left brain would be developed to enable rapid
>  >> > decoding, even in older children.
> >>
>  >>BTW, I've written about the teaching of a brand of intensive  phonics
> >>called
> >>"synthetic phonics" here:
>  >>http://www.cloudworld.co.uk/teaching-synthetic-phonics.htm
>  >>and I'd be grateful for comments.
> >>
>  >>Cheers from Chiswick,
> >>
> >>John
>  >>
> >>John Nissen,
> >>director Cloudworld  Ltd
> >>maker of the WordAloud assistive reader
>  >>http://www.cloudworld.co.uk
> >
> > Aaron  Kohring
> > Coordinator, LINCS Literacy & Learning Disabilities  Special Collection
> >
> > Center for Literacy Studies,  University of Tennessee
> > EFF Center for Training and Technical  Assistance
> > Phone:(865) 974-4109 main
>  >           (865) 974-4258  direct
> > Fax:   (865) 974-3857
> > e-mail:  akohring@utk.edu
> >
> >

Aaron Kohring
Coordinator,  LINCS Literacy & Learning Disabilities Special Collection

Center for  Literacy Studies, University of Tennessee
EFF Center for Training and  Technical Assistance
Phone:(865) 974-4109  main
(865)  974-4258 direct
Fax:   (865) 974-3857
e-mail:  akohring@utk.edu
 



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