[NIFL-POVRACELIT:290] Reading Theory debates

From: GEORGE E. DEMETRION (gdemetrion@juno.com)
Date: Wed Nov 22 2000 - 19:57:08 EST


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From: "GEORGE E. DEMETRION" <gdemetrion@juno.com>
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Subject: [NIFL-POVRACELIT:290] Reading Theory debates
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Anne:

I don't think there's really any final point of truth here--sort of like
the ongoing saga of the Presidential race.  Where's the neutral ground or
the higher truth?  Your scholarship or mine?  So I didn't see any point
in responding to your previous post, which I do grapple with at this time
in light of your message today, which provoked me to respond.  Here I'm
responding in sections to your message of,  I think it was, 11-9, which
was in response to my post of 10-21.  I'll take up a few of the points
and may add an additional message or two related to the discussion in
other posts.


(Your Quote)


"Research into the cause of reading failure supports what I am 
learning from adults in the daily practice of adult literacy 
instruction.  The failure to learn to read is caused by 
language-based learning disability which cannot be successfully 
addressed within the balanced literacy instruction approach (whole 
language with skill development as needed).  The "as needed" approach 
does not meet the many voids in understanding language.  Research 
with children is clear -re mediation of this disability requires 
direct, multi sensory, systematic instruction with a multitude of 
opportunities for practice. "

(My response)

1.  Some research and how much of it is focused on the *adult* literacy
learner?  If I recall the Fowler & Scarborough text that you cite,
"Should reading-disabled adults be distinguished from other adults
seeking literacy instruction,"  I believe their response was no.

2.  Your comments about the balanced theory of reading is an assertion
and flies in the face of some good work in this topic.  There is an
article by Pummelled-Gates in Focus on basics, somewhere, and i believe
she has written a monograph on the subject.  This scholarship can't
simply be ignored.

BTW, have you gotten to any of Frank Smith's work yet?

(Your Quote)

You ask what percentage of adults in community-based literacy and ABE 
programs fall within this category of language-based learning 
disabilities.  I don't know.  I have read that 17% of populations 
(regardless of the language) experience this disability.  Reid Lyon 
(1999), chief researcher of the National Institutes for Child Health 
and Development (NICHD), which has spearheaded literacy research, 
states that this disability affects one in five Americans.  An 
educated guess would be that MOST adults who come for reading help 
ARE within this 17-20%.  (Read the posting on the  NIFL-LD listserv, 
titled RE: Comprehension improvement by Sharon Teruya, for a full 
discussion.)  The modest progress you find in measuring with LVA READ 
and CASAS - do you find persons becoming fully independent with 
literacy?  Without the systematic development of skills and an 
understanding of the structure of words and language, the modest 
progress reaches a ceiling beyond which these students do not move. 
(Case in point, John Corcoran, in his autobiography, The Teacher Who 
Couldn't Read, was taken to the 3rd grade reading level by his 
literacy tutor, but it was not until he received direct instruction 
in phonological processing skills using the Lindamood Bell method did 
he move into full reading competence.)

(My Response)

1.  It is clear that you are saying something like 75-80% of the folks
who attend ABE programs are learning disabled.  I assume that would be
"undiagnosed" learning disabilities.  I'm not sure how one can assert
that  (and it is an assertion)with any confidence, though perhaps its
possible by conflating symptoms with a diagnosis.

2.  While it is a given that virtually all people participating in adult
literacy/ABE programs short of GED prep have one problem or another with
reading/writing, it does not follow that they are therefore "learning
disabled." To say the least, that's a leap.  It is also to assume that
"learning disabilities" exists out there in "objective reality" rather
than serving as an intellectual construct the validity of which is
determined by its usefulness in resolving problems associated with adult
literacy.  I have discussed these issues in depth in the Nov-Dec 1997 NLA
discussions on LD.  I would encourage you to check the archives.  It's
not necessary to cover that ground again.  If you are going to press the
issues here, I would encourage you to review that material.

3.  Folks in our program span a wide gamut of literacy abilities even
though CASAS scores seldom extend beyond 215.  This is due in part to the
disconnect between what CASAS tests and the nature of our curriculum.  It
is also due to the lack of scaffolding allowable  in the test-taking
environment, yet pervasive in our tutoring sessions.  A while back, I
provided an overview of classroom dynamics of our beginning level
students.  

Our intermediate students read with considerably more fluency.  In fact,
we recently worked with a lesson on domestic abuse that I'll post in a
separate message, the content of which might be of interest to the 
members of this list.  These students scored between 190-205 on the CASAS
and come out on an intermediate level on the READ test--modest from those
standards.  Yet with the text that I'll send in a separate post, they
were able to read 2/3 of it fairly fluently with only modest help. 
Beyond that, their attempts to read the words were sound--phonetically in
the ballpark.  Through "normal" means of breaking down words and just
practice, they seemed able to process many of the words they initially
missed.  That is, we didn't have to have a special, all-phonics program,
which if we had, would have obviated any context-based instruction on
topics students find significant.  Our advanced students read even more
complex texts and do some writing as well, even though they continue to
have reading and writing programs, but in session, they are reading and
wrestling with substantial texts that speak to them as adults.

4.  While total independent may still seem elusive for most of our
students, when one considers the range of folks we work with, there is,
in turn, an array of texts of divergent levels to which they are
successfully able to grapple, even as they continue to have problems with
reading and writing.

5.  Besides, what percentage of students have attained independent
fluency through highly structured phonological programs, particularly
when variables of program intensity and other factors  considered?  In
one of your posts, you indicated some progress based on your program
model, but I didn't see anything earth shattering in what you
presented--certainly nothing to eliminate a context-driven instructional
program that raises issues and evokes critical thought where folks live,
linking literacy to life.

6.  If your perspective on adult literacy education prevailed, where
would we be with EFF, with the curriculum concerns raised on this list,
or any powerful connection between reading for basic skill application
and reading for life application?

(Your Quote)

Let me clarify.  Perhaps you have the conception that instruction in 
phonological processing skills is devoid of text reading.  No!  The 
goal of all reading is comprehension.  Literacy is "being developed 
as it is applied," as you stated in WRS instruction.  Reading is not 
"separated from writing, nor is listening from speaking."  Every 
Wilson Reading System lesson incorporates text reading - in topics 
written for adults, using words and concepts they are mastering. 
This gives them opportunities for success - reading without guessing, 
learning to trust what they know.  They move into metacognitiion - 
learning how to think about the structure of language.  This is 
respectful, not condescending, of their needs. 

(My Response)

Here are two examples of texts meant for adults from the WRS

Cut Lip

Mom got the tot, Jim, a bib.  Jim bit the fig and bit his lip.  He had a
sip of Tab.  His lip was OK.  Then, Jim got on the mat with his pal, the
cat.

Beth and the Pup

On the job, at the shop, Beth had a pal.  It was a pup.  The pup was a
lost dog.  It did wag and yap.  Beth led  the pup to a dish.  The pup
then sat with Beth.  Beth called the pup "Zip."

A few years back, my colleague, Allison Gruner and I, conducted  learning
interviews of 10 students, which we placed in a collection titled,
Dialogues in literacy:  Interviews With New Readers.  The afterward
speaks very much to the issues we've been raising, which I'll send in an
other post.

Anne, my objective is not really to persuade you to my point of view, as
it seems quite clear that you are quite persuaded of your own belief. 
That is fine, but as a microcosm of issues facing the field of adult
literacy education I enjoin you in debate because the issues themselves
have much relevance for the field.


(Your Quote)

You cite an eloquent quote from one of your adult new readers, and I 
have heard many adults give positive self reports of reading 
progress.  They do make some progress.  But in most cases they 
continue to struggle with basic decoding skills.  We MUST give them 
opportunities to build the skills so that they can "develop their 
knowledge and potential".

My Response)

No argument there, though we obviously disagree on what this means.  Do
you think there is a single answer in what some may view as the
reductionist fallacy in your argument?


George Demetrion
GDemetrion@juno.com



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