SIGNAL WORDS*
1. Continuation Signals (Warning-there are more ideas to come.)
and again a final reason last of all moreover other too	also and finally furthermore likewise next secondly with	another first of all in addition more one reason similarly
2. Change-of-Direction Signals (Watch out-we're doubling back.)
although despite however in spite of the opposite rather while	but different from in contrast nevertheless on the contrary still though	conversely even though instead of otherwise on the other hand yet
3. Sequence Signals (There is an order to these ideas.)
first, second, third in the first place then before after into (far into the night) last since o'clock later	A, B, C for one thing next now while until during always on time earlier
4. Time Signals (When is it happening?)
when lately at the same time once	immediately already final during	now little by little after awhile
5. Illustration Signals (Here's what that principle means in reality.)
for example for instance such as in the same way as	specifically to illustrate much like similar to
6. Emphasis Signals (This is important.)
a major development a significant factor a primary concern a key feature a major event a vital force a central issue a distinctive quality above all by the way especially important especially relevant especially valuable important to note	it all boils down to most of all most noteworthy more than anything else of course pay particular attention to remember that should be noted the most substantial issue the main value the basic concept the crux of the matter the chief outcome the principal item
7. Cause, Condition, or Result Signals (Condition or modification is coming up.)
because for while that as so that yet resulting from	if from then until whether therefore thus consequently	of so but since in order that unless due to without

8. Spatial Signals (This answers the "where" question.)
between here right near middle east south under across toward	below outside over in next to on there these this west	about around away into beyond opposite inside out adjacent by	left close to side beside north over in front of behind above upon	alongside far near

9. Comparison-Contrast Signals (We will now compare idea A with idea B.)
and too either more than even much as but yet opposite though	or best less same then like different from however rather	also most less than better half analogous to still although while
10. Conclusion Signals (This ends the discussion and may have special importance.)
as a result from this we see hence	consequently in conclusion last of all	finally in summary therefore
11. Fuzz Signals (Idea is not exact, or author is not positive and wishes to qualify a statement.)
almost maybe except nearly seems like sort of	if could should might was reported probably	looks like some alleged reputed purported
12. Nonword Emphasis Signals
exclamation point (!) underline italics bold type subheads, like The Conclusion      indentation of paragraph graphic illustrations numbered points (1, 2, 3) very short sentence: Stop war. "quotation marks"

 

* Fry, E. B., Kress, J. E., & Fountoukidis, D.L. (1993). The reading teacher's book of lists, 3rd edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, pp.185-187. By permission.   © 1993 by Prentice Hall.