National Institute for Literacy - Assessment Strategies and Reading Profiles
Standard Score: A Standard Score indicates how far a particular score is from a test's average. The unit that tells the distance from the average is the standard deviation (sd) for that test. For the PPVT-III and the WAIS -III, the average is 100 and the sd is 15. The standard deviation (sd) is always given for a standard score. Standard Scores between -1 sd (85) and +1 sd (115) fall in the normal range on the ability being tested.

Above + 1 sd (115+) a learner is in the top 15% of performances. Below -1 sd (-85) , she/he is in the lowest 15% of performances.

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